Fdi in Lithuania

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests its resources in business activities outside its country (Hill, 2002, pp. 8). This essay will critically evaluate the impact of inward FDI in an emerging economy of Lithuania. First it will be looked at the impact of FDI on technological development and its importance for a country, particularly in Lithuania. Further discussion will be carried to effects on competition and its development, some negative side effects will be mentioned. Later it will be looked at what effect FDI has on Lithuanian national sovereignty and autonomy. Finally conclusions will be provided. Technological diffusion plays central role in the process of economic development (Borensztein, 1995). Emerging economies domestic growth rates are highly dependent on the growth rates of the rest of the world. Therefore, economic growth rates of emerging economies such as Lithuania depends on the extent of a â€Å"catch-up† process in level of technology by adopting and implementing it from leading countries such as for example United States. The main reason is that developing countries lack their own resources in developing own indigenous product and process technology. Such countries must rely on FDI by advanced industrialized nations and multinational corporations (MNCs) for much of technology required to stimulate economic growth. Findlay (1978) claims that FDI increases the rate of technical progress in the host country. Lets look at the example of Mazeikiu Nafta – the largest oil refinery complex in the Baltic region. Lithuania was not able to keep up with technological advances, therefore from early 1980 it had to trust on FDI from other countries. Back then with help of Soviet Union it was one of most modern oil refineries. Later on after the collision of Soviet Union Lithuania was unable to keep up with technological changes so it started inviting foreign investors. One of them was US based MNC Williams International, which promised reconstructing the refinery. However due to legal reasons acquisition was stopped and new investor from Russia came. Yukos promised to modernize and bring Mazeikiu Nafta’s production to western markets. One of the biggest project’s with Yukos was the completion of Bugtine Terminal for crude oil export and import. One of other positive contributions of FDI to a host economy is the upply of capital, management techniques and skills. MNCs have world vide access to individuals with more advanced skills and knowledge. Local employees can easily transfer knowledge and skills from more advanced companies to local firms or even set their own firms. New organizational practices and management techniques are also brought to country with FDI. Local firms copy them in no time. This happened in Lithuania. Latvian company â€Å"Double-Coffee† opened their restaurant in Lithuania, because there was a good market opportunity as there were no other coffee shops. Pretty soon there were other local coffee restaurants and coffee shops that opened for instance â€Å"Coffee Inn†. This was a clear result of knowledge transfer by FDI. FDI by Latvian company had an effect on competition and economic growth of the industry. Adequate level of competition leads to efficient functioning of a market. With different coffee shop brands in Lithuania consumer choice has increased, therefore prices have been driven down this way the economic welfare of consumers was increased. Increased competition tend to stimulate capital investments by firms in plants, equipment, and R&D as they struggle to gain an edge over their rivals (Hill, 2002, p217). FDI in coffee shop industry had a positive impact on service quality, because here export was not an option so it had to be produced where it is delivered. Despite all the positive effects FDI had some negative ones too. In grocery store market some foreign MNCs came into the country which have greater economic power than some local ones. Swedish â€Å"Rimi Baltic† was one of the first big MNCs to come into this sector, then â€Å"IKI† followed. They have â€Å"crowded out† local grocery store â€Å"Lenstata†. â€Å"Lenstata† was unable to reach maturity for full competitiveness against foreign competition, the maturig process also didn’t take that long so that the discounted preset social costs could outweigh the social benefits. Other small town local shops were also crowded out because they simply couldn’t offer same variety of goods. Crowding out in this sector in Lithuania can impose a long-term cost on its economy it if holds back the development capabilities or retards the growth of local innovative base. FDI in Lithuania has some negative impacts on national sovereignty and autonomy. FDI from Yukos, â€Å"Rimi Baltic† or other MNCs can cause some loss of economic independence. Key decisions that may affect economy are now made by MNCs controlling such important sectors as for example oil refinery or grocery store industry. The concern is that the governments has no real influence over this. For such as small economy a Lithuania’s this is a threat, because foreign MNCs have no real commitment to the country, however very real impact on its economy. To conclude, this essay has looked at what impact does FDI have on Lithuanian emerging economy. Using various sources evidence was provided to support statement that technological development has an effect on countries overall development. The case of â€Å"Mazeikiu nafta† was mentioned, evidence on what impact foreign MNCs on company’s technological development have was provided. Further discussion was brought to economic impact, example of what positive impact did FDI from Latvian MNC have on Lithuanian coffee market was given. Negative impacts on the economy of Lithuania were also mentioned and the example of grocery stores was provided. References: Borensztein, E. & De Gregorio, J. Lee, J-W. , (1998). â€Å"How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth? † Journal of International Economics, vol. 45(1), pages 115-135 Coffee Inn, (http://coffee-inn. lt/blog/apie) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] Double Coffee , (http://www. doublecoffee. lv/eng/company/history/) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] Hill, Charles W. L. (2009) International Business: Competing in the G lobal Marketplace, 7/E, McGraw-Hill Irwin. Lideika, Petrauskas and Valiunas, Doing business in Lithuania (http://www. lexmundi. com/images/lexmundi/PDF/guide_lithuania. pdf) [Accessed: 30/11/2009] Mazeikiu nafta AB annual report, (http://www. orlenlietuva. lt/repository/pdf/reports/Annual99. pdf) [Accessed: 07/12/2009] Mazeikiu Nafta (http://www. randburg. com/li/maznafta. html) [Accessed: 07/12/2009] New Nations, (http://www. newnations. com/Archive/2002/November/lt. html) [Accessed: 07/12/2009] OECD, Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment, Volume 13, Lithuania RIMI Lietuva, (http://www. rimi. lt/apie-rimi/rimi-lietuva/rimi-istorija/199) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] UAB â€Å"IKI† (http://www. iki. lt/lt. php/apie/dabar) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] World Investment Report (1999), UNCTAD.

Modern Family: Show Review

Barren Modern Family Is a popular television show that underlines family values and gender roles. The show centers on a divorced father, Jay, and his two adult children, Mitchell and Claire. Jay Is a wealthy, retired business man, who has remarried a younger Latino woman, with son from a previous relationship, and Is very close In age to Claire. Mitchell is an opening gay man who recently married his partner, Cameron. Together they are raising their adopted Vietnamese daughter, Lilly.Claire is married to Phil, and together they have three teenage children. This show does an excellent job of displaying traditional and non-traditional roles within each household. All three of these families represent diversity within a traditional setting. It is constantly pushing boundaries by switching mixed messages for gender roles, traditional family values, non-traditional roles, and stereotypes in today's society. For example, Mitchell is a full-time attorney, while Cameron is a stay-at-home dad .Cameron, who Is more feminine, has worked part-time Jobs in the past for extra money and self-worth. It can be said he Is portrayed as the â€Å"wife† In the relationship since he Is consistently shown doing the majority of the household duties and child rearing. Parts of the mixed messages that are gleamed from the show come In the form of comic relief. When Cameron goes home to the farm he was raised on, he is portrayed in a more masculine role, to include a more dominant tone in his speech.In these scenes, Mitchell is portrayed as more feminine. Another example of a non-traditional role is Claimer's family. At first glance, they appear to be very traditional; however, there have some non-traditional qualities. While they are a happily married straight couple raising three children together, they both work since Claire began running her father's company. The show follows Claire dealing with traditional challenges women face in the work place such as earning respect of her peers and gaining acceptance as a superior.The show Is a brilliant representation of how society has changed and what constitutes a traditional family. The dichotomy ranges from a big strong man, Ewing very friendly In demeanor and a stay-at-home dad, to the stereotype of an older man marrying an inappropriately younger minority woman. The woman being slightly portrayed as only interested in the older man for his wealth, to a daughter attempting to fill her father's shoes in the work place.As people have become more tolerant and accepting of different people, cultures, and ways of life, it has opened the door to new possibilities. From Cameron providing support work in his family dynamic, to Gloria subtly providing status production desperately needed in Jays life o Claire living up to the stereotype of the second shift routine, this show points out that as we look at a time diary of how gender roles in society have changed and how in our modern society we define family, the basic t hemes of domestic labor still plays an Impacting role to maintain a family.Modern Family: Show Review By k-barren Modern Family is a popular television show that underlines family values and gender and Claire. Jay is a wealthy, retired business man, who has remarried a younger Latino woman, with son from a previous relationship, and is very close in age to s a full-time attorney, while Cameron is a stay-at-home dad.Cameron, who is more can be said he is portrayed as the â€Å"wife† in the relationship since he is consistently shown doing the majority of the household duties and child rearing. Parts of the mixed messages that are gleamed from the show come in the form of comic relief. As a superior. The show is a brilliant representation of how society has changed and being very feminine in demeanor and a stay-at-home dad, to the stereotype of an an impacting role to maintain a family.

Alexander III

â€Å"In terms of both personality and policies, Alexander Ill did not posses the qualities necessary for a successful ruler of late 19th-century Russia† – to what extent to you agree with this Judgment? Whilst the Judgment could be considered well-founded, its validity is a matter of opinion, depending on how one defines the qualities of a ‘successful ruler' of Russia in the late sass, which policies contribute to this success and what, overall, makes a Tsar a success or a failure (if the matter can be categorized so dictatorially).Disregarding the technicalities of the Judgment, although Alexander Ill may not have assessed all the qualities that would have classed him as a successful Tsar, he was not entirely lacking in them – nor in his policies – therefore meaning that the statement is not entirely correct. Before discussing what made a successful 19th century Russian autocrat, it must be ascertained what ‘successful' entails: in this case, it would be achieving the aims of the autocrat/autocracy.The primary aim of an autocrat in the sass would be to preserve or extend the autocracy and its power both internally and internationally, meaning that there would be few or no concessions of power and that the Tsar would appear as a forceful, formidable figure to both its allies and enemies and in the eyes of citizens of the Russian Empire in both the motherland and its annexes. This was obviously extremely important to Alexander Ill, given his ‘Manifesto of Unshakeable Autocracy in April 1881.Secondary aims may have varied from Tsar to Tsar but for Alexander these were: the rejection of democracy and the reversal of Alexander SIS liberalism, which fitted neatly with the preservation of autocracy; the removal of opposition that had arisen during Alexander SIS reign, including crushing the threat of revolution; and the economic and industrial modernization of Russia, moving it towards becoming a ‘Great Power'.And of course, he would have to possess the support of the majority Russian people, though this was generally a given, as even – if not especially – those who had never seen the Tsar were convinced of his positions as ‘gods anointed' and their ‘Little Father'. Depending on how high a regard the Tsar is held in, it could be suggested that humanitarian aims were present however, for the purposes of this essay, this will not be included, as an overview of Alexander Ills reign suggest that whilst he made some inclusion for his workers and subjects, many freedoms and rights were compromised to further the ‘greater good'.Autocracy generally protects the autocrat from criticism of personal traits, though, if in possession of some or lacking in others, it may make the autocrat's rule easier or harder. To be both a highly autocratic ruler and to be successful, one would have had to appear as both ruthless and honest, likeable yet formidable, as the ‘little f ather' to the peasants whilst also appearing as working to protect the upper class and as incredibly patriotic, though not to the extent that it would disadvantage the country.An well rounded education in militarily, state and economic matters, though not technically a personality trait, would also be beneficial for a Tsar to possess, allowing him to be thoughtful and therefore to curb any headstrong impulsiveness he may have had. In terms of policy, depending on the Tsar's aims, how well they supported of achieved those aims and how well they were received helped his achievement of prosperity in his role as successful and popular policies make for a successful and popular rule.Despite this, it must be noted that although a Tsar had the potential to cake or break the country, advisors often tempered him, especially if those advisors had previously been influential in his life, meaning a Tsar's successfulness could be down to more than Just his personality or the policies he made. In terms of preserving the autocracy, and reversing the steps towards democracy his father had taken, Alexander Ill was arguably very successful, especially in his dealings with revolutionary groups and opposition in the sass and sass.After his fathers assassination by members of the terrorist group the ‘People's Will' – ‘Normandy Volta' – the Tsar ruthlessly cracked down on groups and organizations hat opposed him through the return of rigid censorship, exiles to Siberia and executions, such as the hanging of Alexandra Llanos and four others in 1887.The policy that allowed his authorities more power in pursuing opposition groups was the 1881 Statute of State Security, which gave the state the power to declare an area of the country under ‘extraordinary protection' and to therefore impose what essentially amounted to martial law: the banning of public meetings could be banned, the closing and restriction of schools, the extension of powers of the police especially the Koruna) and the arrest of anybody who was deemed ‘liberal' or in opposition to the regime.Furthermore, whilst the restrictions of censorship were resented by many (especially the revolutionaries, liberals and those calling for social change) it certainly did slow the spread of anti-tsarist ideas that had contributed to the dislike of autocracy and later the assassination of Alexander II. The combination of the restrictions on physically forming opposition groups and the restrictions on the spread of ideologies made it difficult for revolutionaries to even arm groups, let alone for them to actually perform any revolutionary actions.Whilst the methods through which Alexander Ill kept control of Russia were radical, conservative and incredibly harsh, they were no less effective for that and ensured a fairly stable, though oppressive, reign for him making him successful in his preservation of autocracy and the removal of the threat of revolution in his time. Econom ically and industrially, Russia was lagging behind Europe in the late sass.Alexander Ill intended to change that through a protectionist economic policy, imposing customs duties on imported goods to recover Russian's economy and allowing rapid industrial and infrastructural growth – the latter intending to an increase in the number of workers in industrial areas – and was fairly successful in the matter. He was also successfully frugal in accounting in state finances, though Russian's expenditure on debt was still fairly high.With his ministers Bungee, Witted & Yesterdays he achieved his aim of a major boost of progress both economically and industrially, whilst also attempting to improve agricultural production – evidence of this success being the 8% per annum Roth in Russian's economy. Antithetical to the progress made was the social conditions that went along with it. Living conditions in towns and cities were mostly poor and often factory work paid poorly, l eaving poverty, overcrowding and discontent to fester with the workers.In addition to this, though its efficiency improved, agriculture was exploited to the extent that major famines were caused, the largest in 1891 , as emphasis was placed on exporting the agricultural products, rather than letting peasants provide from themselves with them. High taxes were also placed on peasants to fund the instruction of railway lines, such as the Trans-Siberian Railway, and this furthered the poverty experienced by many in both developed and rural areas, though it did allow for improvement in the internal transportation of goods and of people (another successfully achieved aim).There was a definite lack of basic societal care in Alexander Ill, yet he was not entirely negligent in his role of the ‘Little Father' to his subjects: The Peasant Land Bank was set up in 1883, giving cheap loans to allow peasants to buy their own land; redemption payments were lowered, allowing extremely poor pea sants to move emend subsidence farming; and, in towns and cities, factories were legislated with working hours established and an inspectorate employed.In some ways, his work for the ‘greater good' could be considered more characteristic of a successful Tsar than humanitarianism would be as a Tsar's first duty was to God and his country, meaning that improvement of the country should be attempted no matter what the cost to its people (who were supposed to shared his loyalties, given his adopted slogan of ‘Nationality, Orthodoxy, Autocracy.As far as foreign policy goes, Alexander Ills title as the ‘Peacekeeper' Tsar is perhaps s deserved as his fathers title the Tsar ‘Liberator' was; though his policies successfully kept the peace, it was most likely not for pacifistic, humanitarian reasons (as far as we know, or can deduct) but rather to allow for Russia to improve practically. Evidence of this is that, although diplomatically peaceful, the Tsar opposed doctr ines of peace fairly strongly, preferring the view that a nation must be prepared for war in order to avoid it.No major wars occurred during his reign, and given the problems that the Crimean War had left in its wake, this was a definite success on his part. Ensuring a tentative peace with Germany and Austria-Hungary with the Three Emperors' Alliance with the renewal of it in 1881, Alexander Ill successfully gained security for the first few years of his reign.The circumnavigation of collapse of this from 1885-1887 due to conflict in the Balkans potentially avoided any major problems for Russia and instead left them option to pursue Franco-Russian policy to fill the vacuum left by Russian's estrangement from Germany & Austria-Hungary, earning another success for the Tsar in his foreign policy.Of course, the fact collapse of the Three Emperors' Alliance, along with the tensions n the Balkans (though a continuance from previous Tsar's agendas) could be counted as a failing on Alexande r part, but this is largely negated by his other successes, such his cautious avoidance of conflict with any European or Asian powers whilst gradually expanding Russian influence and power.Contrary to the success Alexander had with his foreign policy, a domestic policy that mostly failed and caused much resentment with in the Russian Empire was Rustication – the attempted unification of the Russian Empire under one ruler, one religion, one language and one culture. In abstract, Rustication would supposedly eave united the peoples of the Russian Empire and wiped out the threat of revolution and made Russia a dominant power in Europe, however all it did in reality was anger those whose cultures, religions or languages were being repressed, and spawn resentment towards the Tsar in all corners of his Empire.Obviously it was a policy that failed, given that it had been intended to quell revolutionary action and unify the state when, instead, it caused further divisions between the myriad of ethnicities present in Russia and actually grew revolutionary movements in areas like Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine. For Alexander Ill to be classed as successful the personal qualities needed for a ruler and the policies that may have been needed to achieve his aims would have been a balancing act of epic proportions – something that only somebody who had been raised to be a ruler could manage to do with any degree of success.As the second son of Alexander II, Alexander Ill was not expected to become Tsar and was educated only to the standard of a Grand Duke of the period, the finer points of ruling a country were not taught to him until his brother Nicolas died in 1865. Despite him being described as a gruff, narrow minded and fairly crude (Queen Victoria described him as â€Å"a sovereign she does not look upon as a gentleman†) Alexander Ill was of true Russian character: a deeply religious, moral & honest man with an imposing figure and fiery temperament .These traits would have fitted the profile of a Tsar fairly well in abstract but, in reality, the coarseness of Alexander character prevented them from being viewed as such. Alexander natural conservatism was likely furthered by the assassination of his father by radicals, and by the influence of Photostatted – his reactionary tutor – ND that the dangers that liberalism connoted, given the numerous attempts on his fathers life, and later on his own.However, conservatism obviously was not a bad trait to possess in the late 19th century, as the previous Tsar's liberalism had granted freedoms to those who would wish to end autocracy and in return had been granted a caved in skull. Gruffness of nature was characteristic of Alexander and, whilst it may have looked upon degradingly by the other nobles of Europe, it gained him a certain kind of respect from his people as he gave not only an impression of solidity and strength, UT also one of rough-cut solidarity with his peo ple.For an long period of time, the Romano Tsars had been untouchable, not only as divine, but also in the distinctions of class between them and their subjects, therefore having a Tsar who was relatable, but not ‘soft', as Alexander II may have been thought of as, was highly desirable. As far as being liked or admired as a person, Alexander was well liked by sloppiness and many of the Russian peasants who felt a ruler who was suspicious of the west, highly patriotic and characteristic of the ideal Russian man was one they could purport, and consequently, one who would be successful.On a slightly humorous note, an example of a quality that may have proved endearing to the typical Russian worker was his love of drinking. Even after he was diagnosed with kidney problems and forbidden alcohol by his wife, Alexander continued to drink, using hidden compartments in his boots to store flasks of alcohol that, when his wife left the room, he Jokingly pulled out and swigged from. Alter nately, the lack of education and culture Alexander Ill displayed made him seem rather brutish; two traits that did not sit well with the ‘cultured' gentry who had ivied through the reign of his more cultivated father.Furthermore it seemed to go against autocratic, ruling-class propriety to have a crude, UN-gentlemanly, bear of a man ruling a country that – though tumultuous and uneven in its wealth – produced some of the finest architecture, art, music and literature in the 19th century. The late 19th century was a time when Russia was teetering on the brink of revolution, modernization and industrialization, and in keeping the revolution down whilst advancing the country fiscally was something that Alexander Ill did admirably ell, despite his flaws and failed policies.Though he may not have been a Tsar for the people, nor the ‘Liberator' his father was he, ensured the security of Russian autocracy for his reign (mostly through repression, at the expense o f liberties) therefore making him a successful Tsar overall, contrary to what the statement suggests. Additionally, though conservatism is often painted as a backwards, oppressive political view to hold, it can be argued that for Alexander Ill preserve his rule and economically/industrially bring Russia up to speed – ruling with an iron fist

Greece's solution on its national debt crisis Essay

Greece's solution on its national debt crisis - Essay Example This European debt crisis witnessed in Greece is believed by various economists to have been caused by the structural flaws that came about after a period of great recession that the country had plunged into (Margaronis, 12). The economy of Greece has had deficits for quite a long time that has escalated its borrowing index to a figure the government cannot afford to pay. The 2009 Greece recession is arguably a major reason the country piled this huge European debt that is currently puzzling it (Spiegel). The government is expected to settle a debt of over seven hundred million Euros to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), something that is likely to hurt more the Greece economy. There have been several arguments and discussions from different perspectives with some admitting the situation that is witnessed in Greece currently could not have been avoided given they joined the Eurozone because of the change in currency as well as the policy and regulations that govern member economies (Nelson, Belkin and Derek). Others refute this and blame the economic policy makers for the woes the country is facing. All in all, the nation is in a crisis and a remedy is needed as fast as possible. Numerous actions are being taken to remedy the dire situation that is currently experienced in Greece and bring a solution that could free the nation from the hooks of European debt. First, the move made by Finland to bail out Greece should be lauded. As a matter of fact, Finland government was driven by good motives of saving this country from the global humiliation it is currently exposed to. The most challenging thing about this assistance Finland is offering is the rules that come with it. The IMF and other institutions have all reportedly attempted to find a solution to Greece but nothing much have been achieved. The Finland’s conflict of interest and the mistrust it has on Greece has

Performance system in Uni Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance system in Uni - Research Paper Example The functionality of the university’s performance is based on the institutional collaboration. All the parties bound to it are expected to play their role, and this aspect is evaluated from time to time in order to monitor progress and success over time. The different faculties in UTS observe common performance development procedures, making it easy for all the persons involved to contribute to an enhanced employee performance. The system acknowledges the role played by other parties that indirectly influence performance practices in the university. This extends to the entire university fraternity and encompasses students and other stakeholders that are not direct participants in the process of evaluating institutional performance but are critical to account for in order to enhance the final outcome of the underlying pursuits. Through this, the academic staff and all other stakeholders in the UTS cooperate thereby realizing an enhanced ground for performance. Rewarding and ack nowledgement of the staff efforts under the performance procedures are undertaken from time to time, and this is meant to motivate the staff (Aguinis, 2008, p. 283). In so doing, the staff morale is boosted by the system in place, and they are also encouraged to achieve even higher for more rewards and acknowledgements. Through the system in palace at UTS, talents are identified and put to use accordingly. The strengths and weaknesses of the university staff are evaluated and matched with the strategic plans of the institution under performance development. The idea is to tap and exploit as many talents as possible while making it possible for the university staff to realize opportunities from their weaknesses, as well as device ways in which those weaknesses can be transformed into beneficial aspects through correcting them. As a result, individual and institutional growth and development is encouraged at the university. While the institution has designed ways to improve the overal l performance of staff and the institution at large, the failure to cooperate and collaborate is a critical stumbling block to the process. In the UTS context, not all performance and development work plans produce the desired results, and the time to time reviews are not always positive (UTS, 2008, p.4). This implies that amid the vibrant programs and processes run by UTS to revolutionize performance in the institution; there are loopholes that are bypassed in the process. These loopholes are information-based where the primary players in the UTS performance system lack an enhanced mode of information and communication flow. The UTS performance cycle fails to identify these loopholes creating informational gaps that constitute a critical limitation to the outcome of the university’s performance. While a UTS’s monitoring program in this line has been implemented, this shortcoming is yet to be addressed. University of Sydney Different institutions formulate and implemen t different performance procedures depending on the specific performance needs to be accounted for. Just like any other institution, University of Sydney has developed performance procedures that are deeply rooted in its organizational goals and objectives. The institution acknowledges the roles and responsibilities of every single party factored in the organizational pursuits. In the context of University of Sydney, institutional performance is primarily rooted in Smart, Measurable, Achievable,

Critical analysis do not go gentle into that good night by dylan Essay

Critical analysis do not go gentle into that good night by dylan thomas - Essay Example Like many other poets, life and death and the new life binding new generations also attracted him. His poem, Do not go gentle into that night has very much attracted the readers with various factors. BBC writes, â€Å"Perhaps the most striking thing about Do Not Go Gentle is the contrast between its form, which is strict, regular and controlled, and its message, which incites the man to "rage against the dying of the light† (BBC Wales arts). The poem has been written in the villanelle style through which the poet could create a wonderful impact among the readers. The critical analysis of the poem is conducted on the grounds that the poem discloses his thoughts and experiences of death. Analysing the theme of the poem one can see the poet addressing his father, the retired military man, who is approaching death. For the poet one should be very vigilant when approaching death. He insists, "Do not go Gentle into that Good Night." Here the poet differs from other poets who exhort to face death gently. ‘Good Night’ here stands for death or the last night for which one waits for. This is to be noted that the poem presents the various perspectives of death from different people who all demonstrated one common struggle to hold on to life (123helpme.com). The second and the third line of the poem make clear theme of the poem when he writes, â€Å"Old age should burn and rage at close of day/Rage, rage against the dying of the light† (Line 2-3). For the poet, when one reaches in his/her old age, one should burn with burn with emotion at ‘close of day,’ that is, against the all powerful death. The poet stresses burning and raging in the third line which is used as a refrain and the repetition of the word ‘rage.’ The following stanzas of the poem clearly indicate how the wise men, good men, wild men and grave men react to the call of death. The poet presents these men in order to make clear the fact that death is unavoid able and it is the natural tendency of man to fight against or using his all weapons to prevent it. Very often, it may not be for their own sake, but for assuring their close ones security and hope that they will be there forever. Addressing his father, the poet reveals the general truth and as a supporting factor, he produces the examples of wise men, good men, wild men and grave men, that is, they are regretted in leaving this world. Though it is difficult for one to identify these elements directly from the poem except in the line, ‘Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray’ (Line17). Therefore, it is evident of the poet’s understanding of people’s attitude to life and death. The poet persuades his father, who was a militant man, to â€Å"rage against the dying of the light† through the examples of the wise, good, wild and grave men. The unwillingness of the wise men is suggestive of the unwillingness of man to accept death easily. Whene ver man feels that he has not accomplished all his desires—which one can never attain in one’s life, he hesitant to receive death. Thus, one can infer that the poet was trying to affirm man’s unwillingness to accept the imminent death. The poet has also used various poetic devices and symbolisms to make his propositions more effective. The use of the literary device villanelle with the rhyme scheme alternating between ‘night’ and ‘day’ really enhances the beauty of the poem. The use of the complex style

Essay - Materials that are used to build a bridge debate & more

- Materials that are used to build a bridge debate & more - Essay Example h can build for example: bridges, building and roads, to get well known with this major the person must take Bachelor Degree to start his career that the highest degree for Civil engineering is PhD, which takes many years to get this degree, the places where the civil engineering can work is in factories, government and companies, in factories the civil engineer can make maintenance for the petrol drilling area and facilities, for the government he can make the roads and bridges which is the same for the companies but the differences is the name of the work, many places gives sponsor to students to study civil engineering, the reason why I chose to study civil engineering because I have a huge interest in buildings also I like doing physical things instead of sitting in the office all day, in my country they are getting developed such as in roads, building and making bridges to make the traffic goes smoother and getting ready for 2022 world cup, and another reason that why I chose ci vil engineering is that I have many recommendations from my family as it is a wanted major these days and will have a good career in this major also talking to many civil engineers they told me it is really good job also working outside not sitting in the office all the time. Liverpool John Moores University offers 4 years studying with foundation in order to graduate Civil Engineering as same as Northumbria University also both of them doesn’t have any optional modules to study like learning new language or taking a subject that isn’t relevant to the course, both them offers sandwich year which is taking break one year between second year and third year which is working for a whole year to a corporate or to a company and then go back to university and continue studying, also in comparing between these two university both of them offers part-time study which is taking less subject than the full-time study and also they will take much longer time to graduate depending on their

Management and Organisational Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management and Organisational Learning - Essay Example This is where the concept of learning organisation comes into the picture. That is, learning organisation facilitates continuous learning with the employees learning new things and perspectives, thus leading to the structured changing or transitioning of employees, departments and the organisations as a whole from a current state to a favourable future state. When this change shows positive results, organisations can extricate from tough situations and achieve success. A learning organization values challenges, promotes flexibility, innovation and creativity, treats mistakes as stepping stones of development and encourages individuals to think. Learning is carried out by implementing various practices. Some of the key practices are help people value the effects of their learning on their organizations, link individual performance with organizational performance, tie rewards to key measures of performance and importantly create structures and procedures that support the learning process. Thus, learning organisations or organisations which indulge in learning process will try to learn newer and optimal strategies to optimize the organisational functioning. Peter M Senge, an American scientist, is one of the profound business thinkers and author. He analyzed many organizations and its workings for many years at MIT and the resultant theories and concepts were brought out by Peter Senge in his 1990 book, The Fifth Discipline. In that book, he brought out many organizational theories particularly the ones related to leadership under the concept of ‘learning organization. According to Peter Senge (1990, p.3) learning organizations are, â€Å"Organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free,

Global health priorities Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global health priorities - Coursework Example This spreading dissatisfaction will certainly hamper hospital administration as it attempts to implement solutions to the nursing shortage (Buchan and  Aiken 2010). The current global nursing shortage will also increase a gap between current healthcare administration solutions and efforts nurses believe hospital administrators are making. Prioritized solutions on the medical staff’s list will differ more with those on the hospital administration’s list. This difference will occur in spite of research attempts to understand and close this gap. One way to entice future students to consider nursing professions is to prioritize personal time over compensation as nurses today value personal time more than pay (Buchan and  Aiken 2010). Dynamism at work and home is another solution, as students would not want to spend more time in one role over the other. Future nursing students can be told of almost assured promotions in the profession that leads to an emerging superclass of hospital workers. Incorporated personal and professional lives are aspects of future nursing that students can learn about and admire because they lower the stress of overseeing one’s professional and personal life (Buchan and  Aiken

Emerging Accounting Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging Accounting Issues - Research Paper Example These issues are supposed to be in line with the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This paper seeks to the highlight the role of EITF and its relationship with entrepreneurial entities in the US. Question #1 The EITF was designed to publicize the implementation guidance of sound accounting principles within the framework of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). This was meant to reduce diversity on a timely basis, and to minimize the need for the FASB to put effort and spend time in addressing narrow implementation, and application (Wahlen, Jones, & Pagach, 2012). The EITF was meant to create more space for the FASB to delegate on other issues while the EITF dealt with consistent emerging issues that can be analyzed within the GAAP. A common relationship that exists between the FASB and EITF apart from the fact that EITF was formed from the recommendations of the FASB is the EIFT members. Members of this agency are drawn from a cross section of the FASB work force in its various constituencies. These personnel include preparers, auditors and financial statement users. The EITF is designed to act as a taskforce that constitutes individuals with the ability to identify emerging issues before they manifest themselves as widespread divergent practices that become entrenched. This is to ensure that accounting principles and practices that do not serve the best interests of the public are not left unregulated. This gives the EITF mandate to institute regulatory measures and protocols that ensure a certain business entity adheres to standard practice. The responsibilities of the EITF are tandem with those of the FASB; in the sense that actions that cannot be accomplished by EITF are taken up by the FASB. EITF’s effectiveness in finding resolutions is pegged on its ability to identify emerging accounting and financial issues in a timely manner in order affect its regulatory role competently (Bragg, 2012). The agency’s resolution formulation i s founded on the principles of consultative dialogue with the stakeholders and relevant professionals in the fields of financial accounting. To this end, EITF holds public meetings regularly to deliberate on new issues and receive input from proposals and recommendations it ought to make. As defined by its composition, the EIFT best practices, proposals and recommendations are viewed as the best for the benefit of the public good. Constitution of accountants from large accounting firms means that all the current trends in practice are cognizant with EITF’s responsibilities and functions. EITF achieves effective resolution of emerging issues by specifically developing answers and solutions to each emerging issue. This is because experienced observation has led to the conclusion that the development of an encompassing remedial strategy does not guarantee overall effectiveness. Best practice and resolution of emerging accounting issues individually has been cited as the best way EITF effectiveness and efficiency. Question #2 The EITF issue No. 13-C is concerned with the presentation of unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carry-forward or tax credit carry-forward exists (Hyman, 2010). During the presentation of a statement of financial position, revelation of unrecognized tax benefits on income tax is not explicitly mandatory. There exist diverse practices when it comes to the revelation

Answer the Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Answer the Questions - Essay Example 5) Another advantage is that inter-departmental communication is improved that leads to greater group collaboration and mutual agreement. Organisational harmony and unity is also enhanced because of excellent relationship building. 6) The structure is very much beneficial in problem-solving and decision making because problems related to different operations are resolved by the concerned department personnel. For example, marketing personnel will resolve the issue of declining sales whereas production department will focus on issues about product designing and prototyping. 2) Secondly, the organisation becomes rigid and less adaptable to changes in external environment. Indeed, it may not be possible to make immediate innovations because of delayed approvals from strategic planners. 3) Next, the key decisions by top managers are delayed because information about specific operations flows from down-to-up and up-to-down that wastes sufficient business hours. Staggering losses are incurred in some instances. 6) Employees are not provided general administrative training and thus they can not adjust themselves other than their specific area of interest. For example, a marketer may not be able to perform administrative / management duties even for temporary periods because he is not trained by employers. 1) The internal efficiency within an organization increases in a rapidly changing business environment that demands immediate adjustments. The human resources are used more effectively. As a result, a business organisation becomes highly flexible and adaptable. Customers do not have any inclination to purchase a substandard product because they demand value and satisfaction for money they spend on various goods and services. In fact, every potential buyer is interested in purchasing high quality products to meet its needs / desires and to attain satisfaction. Quality, therefore, can be defined as the ability of a product that meets or exceeds

Antigones Relations Essay Example for Free

Antigones Relations Essay In the two Antigone plays that we read, Anouilhs 1940s modern version and Sophocles version, there are many contrasts. Everything from the setting to the message is different, however the relationship between characters is the most striking difference; relationships with Antigone in particular. In Sophocles version, the character relations are rather underdeveloped, which is an extreme contrast from the relationships shown in Anouilhs version of Antigone. The relationships that are the most different between the two plays are Antigones relationship with Creon and with Haemon. Antigones relationship with Creon in the Sophocles version differs greatly from the Anouilh version. The most obvious difference is that in the Anouilh version Creon doesnt want Antigone to die and tries every way he can to keep her alive. He exhausts just about every argument possible, starting and frequently returning to the similarities between her and her father. He tells her how idiotic her father was and that she would be wise to not make the same mistakes even though she carries the same characteristics that lead Oedipus to his death. Then he switches tactics and half orders her to not be put to death because she has to marry Haemon, and when that doesnt work, he pulls a pity plea of how much he would like to bury Polynices but simply cant because of his duties as a king and what it would cost him if he bent to Antigones will. None of these arguments work, even when Creon, in a last desperate attempt to sway her, reveals to her how horrible her precious brothers actually are. Really in this version, Creon does care about Antigone; he has nothing to gain from keeping Antigone alive besides that she would marry Haemon, and her sister Ismene is still around to marry him if Antigone is put to death. In contrast, the Sophocles version doesnt present such a caring- if you could call it that in Anouilhs- relationship. In this relationship all Creon wants to do is see Antigone put to death. He is unswayed by any argument that his son Haemon throws out there. In this version things are simple. Antigone went against Creons edict and buried her brother, so therefore she must be put to death, no ifs ands or buts about it. There is no room for argument or feeling, and no real relationship development. While the relationship between Antigone and Creon in the Sophocles version is very underdeveloped when compared with the Anouilh version, the relationship between Antigone and Haemon is even more so. In the Sophocles story, there is no indication of the great everlasting love between the two that would drive Haemon to kill himself over finding Antigone dead. There is almost no feelings of anger or sadness at her sentence to death until Haemon suddenly flies into a rage at the very end upon seeing Antigone dead and shoves a sword through his body. To Haemons credit, he does show a little bit of rebellion when arguing with his father about the outcome of Antigone. He comes through with a little bit of strength after all of the oh father, you are so wise junk, and tells him that maybe he should bend just a little for her for his own benefit. And when Creon doesnt listen to his advice, he implies with his last words to his father †¦ And you will never see my face again†¦ (Sophocles, scene 3, line 133) that he may in fact take his own life. But thats as far as it goes, and it seems to be more out of anger at his father than of his love for Antigone. In Anouilhs version of the story, Haemon and Antigone have a much more developed relationship. Its plainly clear that Haemon loves Antigone and wants to be with her, even if she doesnt fully understand why he chose her over Ismene. The fact that he did chose her over Ismene shows more than anything else that he does indeed love her. Anouilhs added scene with Haemon and Antigone develops the relationship so much more and gives one a more believable basis for Haemon killing himself over Antigone. The scene is an intimate look at a couple in love, instead of in the Sophocles version a relationship that seems to be arranged for convenience at best. The changes in scenes which enhance and develop the relationships of Antigone with Creon and Haemon greatly improve the Anouilh version. Without the added scenes and implications in the scenes, the Sophocles version is rather dry and doesnt inspire much catharsis. However, in the Anouilh version, the reader is actually made to feel for the characters through their trials and tribulations, and therefore to be angry at Creon for killing her, disbelieving of Antigone for her stubborn pride, and sad for all involved when everyone except for Creon end up dead. So although both versions are supposed to be the same story, the relationship developments are so  contrasting that they are different stories altogether.

Impact Of Motivation On Organizational Change Management Essay

Impact Of Motivation On Organizational Change Management Essay This study focuses on a research topic Impact of motivation on organizational change, on the basis of the theories of Research Methodology for Business. The outline of the project will cover: Chapter 1 provides the background of the study underlining main objectives, questions and hypothesis of the study. Chapter 2 focuses on general definitions. Models and theories related to motivation, leadership style influencing motivation at time of change and communication process, methods and models will be reviewed and described. References Chapter 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Organizations are marked by constant changes taking place in its orientation, strategies and even structural set up. The workers need to constantly adapt themselves to such changes. This often cause stress on their mindset and affect their work quality. At this juncture it is important to shove away any misconception or doubts and bring back the trust, which is extremely essential for the organizational success. In order to achieve this, internal communication needs to be strong and effective. There is a possibility the motivation in the workforce might be restored through successful communication within the organization. Information Technology provides several options for this. E-mails, intranets and other innovations help in meeting the high demand of communication during such time of alteration within the organization (Wojtecki and Peters, 2000). Face to face communication also might help a lot to sort out the differences. There have been mostly separate studies about leadership and grapevine communication. According to McKenna (2000), leadership is an art that can get the optimum work required for the organization. The leader also communicates the organizations goals to his team members. He does not discuss about the communication that is more important between the leader and the team and the effectiveness when such communication occurs in an informal way that leads to more interaction and hence develops a bond with each employee and all together leads to commitment.   According to Robert E. Hoskisson, Organizational Structure specifies the firms formal reporting relationships, procedures, controls, and authority and decision making processes. (Hoskisson, 2008, p.100) This accrues to the basic framework of assigning roles, allocation of resources and provides a basis for cooperation, coordination and communication among the organizational hierarchy (Hoskisson, 2008). Harris and Hartman discuss the problems of Grapevine. According to them, it is not a dependable source and cannot provide full information and maybe distorted (Harris Hartman, 2002). In the article, Heard it through the grapevine: for communicating during change, facts and tips by Baxter-Southward, an extensive study has been done about grapevine communication- the negatives and the positives, and how to deal with this in organizations. However the right answer can be provided by a proper survey of the opinions of managers and workers. Whether such communication actually restores the faith and motivation and can assist in successful implementation of change will be explored in this research. 1.2 Objectives, research questions and research hypotheses The objective of this study is to deal with the issue relating to organizational behavior and organizational development. This study is to analyze whether the successful communication by the organization to its employees at the time of change will result in the motivated workforce and lead to successful change or not. Additionally, the research will analyze the effectiveness of good leadership and managerial as a means to improve to motivation, productivity, employee job satisfaction and commitment. The core objectives of the study are: To study the components of resistance to organizational change viewed from the workforce. To study the motivational factors to implement change successfully To investigate whether communication is the most critical factor in implementing change Based on objectives identified, the following questions are raised: What are the components of resistance to organizational change? What are the critical motivational factors in implementing change? Is communication the most critical factor in implementing change? Based on objectives, conceptualizing structure for this research has been developed. The main variables are evidently showed through coherent analysis in the structure. Based on this structure, the null and alternative hypotheses are developed as the followings: There is a set of components of resistance to change from the organization development theory. There are critical success factors in motivating workforce to accept change. The communication factor is most critical success factor in implementing change. 1.3 Scope Change is inevitable. Whether an employee is at the higher level of or at the lower level of an organization, one thing the employee can be sure of in the future is that there will be change. In this turbulent environment it is important for the managers to react quickly. Motivation of employees at the time of change via successful communication will lead to successful communication or not will be described. Moreover, it will be analyzed whether communication can or cannot bring a motivated workforce. Further more, the current research will be focused on essence of good leaders in motivating employees and increasing productivity. Chapter 2 2.1 Change and Change Management Success is not just for survival it must be achieved in a world of intense competition, continued globalization, and rapid technology change (Schermerhorn, 1996). Currently change has become the part and parcel of every organization to predict future trends and to forecast the changes that need to be encountered. Change is an ongoing process in every organization and for the organization to be successful and survive in a dynamic environment, it is important to have effective management of human resources(Mullin, 2005). People are the major resource of any organization (MULLINS, 2005). The efficiency of staff, their commitment towards the aims of the organization, and the skills and attitudes they bring to stand on the quality of service offered will undoubtedly affect the overall success of an organization (MULLINS, 2005) So in order to achieve success, it is vital for the organization to develop communication processes, motivation processes and a working environment that will help to ensure that individuals will deliver results in accordance with expectations of management. 2.1.1 Core Principals that revolves around change: According to Bernstein (2003) over 70 % of all organizational change efforts fail to meet expectation and delivered planned results. Before implementing change in an organization it is very important for the leader to understand the difference between the change and the transition process. Additionally, a leader should keep in mind that the success of change implementation process is a key driver of how organization will deal with changes, how changes are directed and administered by the leader. According to Barons Greenberg (1990) there several principals about change: People perception about change Individual barriers to change: Economic insecurity Fear to Unknown Threats to social relationship Habits Failure to recognize need for change Additionally Barons Greenberg (1990) listed the following organization barriers to change: Structural inertia Work group inertia Threat to existing balance of power Previously unsuccessful change efforts According to Bennis, Benne, Chin, R. (1985) there are several key drivers to change: Nature of workforce Competition Technology Economic Shocks Changing social trends World politics 2.1.2Classification of change Table 1-Classification of changes According to Ackerman (1997) there are three types of changes Source: http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM06299.html 2.1.3 Organization Change Management Model As per the theory proposed by Kurt Lewin there are three stages in change process as illustrated in Table 2. Figure 1-Kurt Lewins Change model Change_modellewin Source: http://ic-pod.typepad.com/design_at_the_edge/organisational_change/ Table 2-Stages in Change Process Source: http://www.change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin.html The research conducted by Hayes in the year 2002 shows that, most of the change management process models have three phases as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2-Change management Process Phases Source: http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-change-process-detailed.htm 2.1.4 Resistance to Change Figure 2-Resistance to Change Resist.JPG Resistance to change consists of any employee behavior designed to discredit, delay or prevent the implementation of work change. According to Kotter (1996) resistance to change is the action taken by individuals and groups when they perceive that a change that is occurring as a threat to them. Most of actions that are taken to manage change fail due to improper planning and implementation (Coriat, 2002).There are three different types of resistance among employees (Newstrom Davis, 1993) as illustrated in Table 3. Table 3-Types of Resistance Source: http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/changemmt/chngmgmt.htm According to Kotter Schlesinger (1979) there are four main reasons people in an organization resist change as described in Table 4: Table 4-Reaons for Change Source:http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_kotter_change_approaches.html Kotter Schlesinger (1979) suggested ways to deal with the changes which have been illustrated in Table 5. Table 5-Reaons for overcoming resistance to change Source:http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_kotter_change_approaches.html 2.1.5 Successful change vs. Unsuccessful change A study that is done by the Conference Board of Canada found that 66 percent of organizations that completed streamlining initiatives showed no instantaneous enhance in productivity; more than 50 percent realized no short-term profit improvement and only 30 percent actually lowered costs (Thompson McHugh, 2002). These are astounding figures that would be enough to dishearten any organization contemplating major strategic change. These results are common when organizations focus their change efforts and priorities on processes, finances and structures. There is no fool proof way of making all aspects of organizational change run flawlessly. However by valuing, respecting and communicating with people, by devoting as much effort and attention to the needs of employees, any organization is well on the way to managing change effectively (Sisson, 2002). When people are confronted with the need or opportunity to change, especially when its enforced, as they see it, by the organization, they can become emotional. So can the managers who try to manage the change (Nichols, 2000). Diffusing the emotional feelings, taking a step back, encouraging objectivity, is important to enabling sensible and constructive dialogue. To this end, managers and trainers can find it helpful to use analogies to assist themselves and other staff to look at change in a more detached way. Kotter (1996) identified eight key reasons for successful change as described in Table 6. Table 6-Successful Change Steps Description Increase Urgency Leader should set an example for there employees and should be proactive to the situation. So, that the leader can inspire people and can make real and relevant objectives. Building the guiding team Find a devoted team with right expressive dedication and right mix of skill. Get the vision right Find a team which will follow a simple vision and strategy and work on creative aspects. Communicate for Buy in Involve as many people as you can, communicate transparently and respond to people needs proactively. Use technology in favors of you and not against you. Empower action Eliminate obstacles, allow positive feedback and lots of shore up from leaders reward and recognize progress and achievements. Create short term wins Focus on short terms wins. Manage your initiates accordingly and prioritize your tasks. Finish current stages before jumping into new one. Dont Let up Encourage willpower and perseverance. Encourage ongoing process reporting, highlight achieved and future milestone. Make change stick Strengthen the importance of successful change via recruitment, promotion and new change leaders. Merge change into culture. Source: Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press, 3-15. Additionally Kotter (1996) identified eight reasons of unsuccessful change processes: Allowing too much complacency Failing to build a substantial coalition Not understanding the need for a clear vision Permitting roadblocks against the vision Not planning for short term results and not realizing them Declaring victory too soon Fail to anchor changes in corporate culture 2.2 Role of Communication and Consultation at time of Change One of the common issues faced by the organization while under going change is to find the measures for effective communication with their employees. Leaders communication and consultation is important for every management function. The effective communication and consultation plans results in successful implementation of change. The steps for communication for effective change management have been illustrated in Table 7. Table 7-Steps for Successful Communication Source: http://humanresources.about.com/od/changemanagement/a/change_lessons2.htm 2.2.1Steps in Formal Consultation process Based on Schein (1999) research formal consultation process include following main steps as described in Table 8. Table 8-Steps in formal consultation Source: http://www.goodpracticeparticipate.govt.nz/levels-of-participation/one-off-consultation/steps-in-formal-consultation.html 2.3 Motivation The level of performance of employees relies not only on their actual skills but also on the level of motivation each person exhibits (Burney et al., 2007). Motivation is an inner drive or an external inducement to behave in some particular way, typically a way that will lead to rewards (Dessler, 1978). Over-achieving, talented employees are the driving force of all firms so it is essential that organizations strive to motivate and hold on to the best employees (Harrington, 2003). In a turbulent environment where changes take place very often, therefore it becomes important for managers to analyze the level of motivation of each employee. Every individual have their own set of reasons to get motivated. Some individuals are motivated by financial factors while others are motivated by non financial factors as illustrated in Figure 3. Motivation can be classified as external or internal motivation. Finishing deadline on time is an example of external motivation. The fear of loosing a job in case of uncompleted task is an example of internal motivation. Both the external and internal motivation is equally powerful. Figure 3-Financial and Non Financial Motivators The four most powerful type of motivation that can influence an individual are listed in Table 9. Table 9-Types of Motivation Human beings are complex in nature, and are usually motivated by a combination of four elements. Figure 4 illustrates 4 types of motivation, which come together to produce four key areas for the managers to focus on when trying to motivate their employees. Figure 4-Four key elements of motivation ` Source : http://www.wishfulthinking.co.uk/2009/02/11/motivation-during-a-recession/ 2.3.1 Major Theories of Motivation Motivation is not only in a single direction i.e. downwards. In the present scenario, where the workforce is more informed, more aware, more educated and goal oriented, the role of motivation has left the boundaries of the hierarchy of management. The Figure below shows the major theories of motivation that can be applied in the working environment as well on the employees to see the impact of motivation on the organization as a whole. Figure 5-Theories of Motivation Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Figure 6-Maslows hierarchy of needs By applying Maslows theory of motivation, modern leaders and managers find way of employee motivation for the reason of worker and workforce management. According to Maslow the humans are motivated by unsatisfied needs and the needs which are at low level should be satisfied initially and then the higher order need should be looked upon. As given in Figure 6 there are five general needs of the humans that should be satisfied before the human start behaving unselfishly. Therefore, in a real work time scenario it becomes important for the leader to understand which needs is currently active for an individual employee motivation. Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Figure 7-Hygiene and Motivation factor Source:http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/figures/1472-6920-9-49-1.jpg The psychologist Fredrick Herzberg asked the questions from employees in the year 1950s and 60s for understanding employee satisfaction. The results of its finding revealed that there are some factors of a job which are constantly connected to job satisfaction, while dissimilar factors are linked with job dissatisfaction. The hygiene and motivation factors are illustrated in Figure 7. To apply Herzbergs theory, managers need to take up a two stage process to motivate people. Firstly, managers need eliminate the dissatisfactions the employees are experiencing and, secondly, managers need to help employees to find satisfaction. Equity Theory/ Social Comparison Theory Figure 8-Equity Theory Source: http://www.businessballs.com/adamsequitytheory.htm Equity theory states that employee always tend to compare the situation (Outcomes) they get while working in relation to what they invested (Inputs). Additionally they also willing to compare what are the ratio between what they get from what they put in. Moreover people also attempt to compare their input and outputs with their coworkers as illustrated below. Figure 8-Equity Comparison Source: http://www.businessballs.com/adamsequitytheory.htm 2.4Summary According to the literature the change must be consulted at the same time practices show that change can only be successful with proper consultation and internal communication process. Literature of this study suggests that it is important to implement changes with proper implementation strategy, internal communication and consultation in order to achieve goals and avoid failed change, poor morale and resistance to further change.

American Civil War Essay -- essays research papers

The American Civil War In 1860, arguably the world's greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North (Union) and South (Confederate). The war lasted five years and by 1865 the Confederate forces were truly beaten. Out of this horrendous war though, where some 600,000 men died grew a greater sense of nationalism than is today, unrivalled around the world. The American Civil War is interpreted differently by many historians but most see the catalyst as slavery, the motivation as economic, the outcome was a unified national identity. Slavery was a major issue that triggered the American Civil War. Slavery started out, as a few individual slaves coming from England that were generally white. This changed however, and soon the Southern slave traders began 'stealing' blacks to take back to the South. The slaves were forced to work 16-hour days, slave women were only seen as breeders and there were no laws against the rape of a female slave. In 1860 slaves accounted for one third of the South's population and even still they had no rights (see appendix one). The Unionist North many people believed it was immoral to own another human being. These people were called Abolitionists. The South relied strongly on the slave trade and when the North spoke of abolishing it, the South spoke of forming there own country, The Confederate states of America. The South began to see that the North was going to take action against the South's inhumane slav...

Psychoanalitic Approach to The Minister’s Black Veil Essays -- Ministe

  Ã‚   "All within hearing immediately turned about, and beheld the semblance of Mr. Hooper, pacing slowly his meditative way towards the meeting-house. With one accord they started, expressing more wonder than if some strange minister were coming to dust the cushions of Mr. Hooper’s pulpit ·" Working in the realm of the Gothic, Nathaniel Hawthorne hits upon psychological points that few of his readers are willing to explore. Of course, one may not be able to relate to an example involving such an "eccentric" display as Mr. Hooper’s. There is a sudden hush throughout the audience, followed by a rush of low whispering. He walks past them, oblivious to the goings-on and proceeds to the front. Something has changed, and everyone is aware. It is painfully obvious that he wanted everyone to know, for the wounds of the change were self-inflicted · Putting the scenario this way helps to give an anonymous and general view to the former example. This method is used to show how realistic, even common, this somewhat absurd event may actually be. In a psychological analysis, this is a necessary element in both de-personalizing a situation and giving it potential for universal application. In Hawthorne’s "The Minister’s Black Veil," many interpretations by way of psychological analysis are possible, and, once exposed, quite apparent. Once revealed, there are many routes for understanding the story in a psychoanalytical context. The main approaches this essay will take involve a "Jungian" analysis, that is, one involving the use of some of the theories and conclusions of German psychoanalyst and pioneer, Carl Gustav Jung, a former student and friend of Sigmund Freud, in interpreting the actions of the characters in the story. Jung’s discord with Fr... ...Jung, whose assertions not only help in the clinical aspect, but in the search for the common message in all of human literary (this includes oral) tradition. Hawthorne’s Gothic shows, whether conscious or not, the underlying conflict that lies within the people of his time as well as the time in which each of his stories take place. It is with this that the key to understanding the self lies within the commonly untapped recesses of the unconscious, an uncomfortable and unnerving concept for everyone, particularly those that have many things to hide. Works Cited Jung, Carl Gustav. Abstracts of the Collected Works of Carl G. Jung. Rockville, Maryland. 1976. Jung, Carl G. The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche. Tr. R. F. C. Hull. New York, NY. 1960 Lauter, Paul, et al. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. New York, NY; Boston, Mass. 1998   

The Negative Effects of Fossil Fuel Usage Essay example -- Environmen

The Negative Effects of Fossil Fuel Usage         The health of the environment is our livelihood.   When the environment is not in good health it could lead to health problems on a personal level.   One of the major environmental problems is air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels.   Levels of carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuels into the atmosphere in 1991 was an estimated â€Å"5.6 billion tons per year† (Tesar, 28).   If we keep running down the path we are on using fossil fuels like no tomorrow there is some worry among scientists, â€Å"Some scientists estimate that the number will jump to as much as 30 billion tons per year within the next few decades† (28).      Concern for the environment is not a recent phenomena.   Rachel Carson (1907- 1964), was an â€Å"American marine biologist and the author of widely read books on ecological themes†Ã‚   (Bram, 326).   One of her more outstanding quotes on the environment is, â€Å"The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea†¦this pollution is for the most part irrecoverable† (Peter, 171).    I agree with Rachel Carson that earth, air, and water pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.  Ã‚   Some institutions working today to clean up the environment do help some, but as I see it they are not showing results.   There efforts are a feeble attempt because pollution levels keep rising and they could never keep up.   According to Hayes the former director of the Solar Research Institute under President Jimmy Carter of Earth Island Journal, â€Å"In 1993, President Clinton pledged to reduce US CO2 emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.   Instead, the nation’s CO2 emissions are now projected to rise at least 13 percent by the ... ...> Hawking, Stephen.   A Brief History of Time:   From the Big Bang to Black Holes.   New York:   Bantam, 1988. Peter, Laurence J. Dr.   Peter’s Quotations.   New York:   Quill William Morrow, 1977. Simanek, Donald E.   (1994)   The Hazards of Solar Energy.     Dsimanek/solar.htm>   (27 October 1998). â€Å"Solar Power-The Basics.†Ã‚   Solar Power-The Basics.   27 October 1998.   http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/solar/brief2.html   (27 October 1998). â€Å"Solar Tax Credits for North Carolina.†Ã‚   North Carolina Solar Center Information   Factsheet.   30 November 1998.     (30 November 1998). Tesar, Jenny.   Global Warming.   New York;   Facts On File, 1991. â€Å"Timeline:   Photovoltaic Development.†Ã‚   Untitled.   2 December, 1998.      (2 December, 1998).   

Difficulties of Parenting Essay

Every day thousands and thousands of adults around the world experience the happiness and challenges of becoming new parents. Every generation goes through the period of having to raise its children to adulthood. Even though parenthood has a great deal of positive points for the mother and father, it is probably the most difficult task that they will take on in their lives. Being a good parent requires a great deal of effort in many different areas throughout a child’s life, and being able to successfully manage all those areas is what makes parenthood so demanding. The actual process of physically raising an infant is probably the most difficult task for a parent. When a child is born, it is completely helpless and needs constant attention to all its needs. Parents must constantly feed it, clean it, and always pay constant attention to their new child since it is completely dependent on them. Finding the right foods, cloths, and other necessary items such as diapers and baby bottles might look easy, but they are quite difficult and require a great deal of time and attention. Picking the wrong baby formula can cause a baby to get sick, and finding the correct size for baby cloths can be quite difficult. Also, since there are many different variations and brands for everything babies need, parents will usually find it hard to decide what the right product is for their child. For example, finding the perfect car seat for a baby becomes a big challenge when the parents must choose between at least twenty similar brands. As the child grows up, new challenges are created for the parents. One of the most important parts of raising a child is to teach it morals and discipline. Many times parents find it difficult to decide when and how to teach a child a certain thing. For example, parents must show that lying and cheating are not good, but many are unable to explain the negative results of these actions. Also, many families have environments where children see their parents doing many of the bad things that they showed their children to be wrong. Therefore, another difficult task for parents is to create a positive home setting that is based on what they teach their children. Also, parents must find a way to discipline their children without causing fear in them. Some children are more difficult that others for teaching discipline, but parents must be careful not to be too forceful with them but, at the  same time, be able to gain their full respect. The many stresses of raising a child can have a strong impact on the parents through the years, and learning to adjust to the new stresses of life is quite important but difficult for parents to do. Financially, the cost of living becomes much higher for the parents, and they realize that they must find new ways to adjust their lives in order to make ends meet. They will eventually have to give up on many things that they used to do such as going to expensive restaurants and yearly trips out of town. Parents always want the best for their children and many times must find ways to help their children get over the many hurdles such as school work, peer pressure, and other things that may cause a child to lose its confidence. In this way parents go through the same stresses that their children go through, and the long years of continuous stress will have a lasting effect on the parents. Finally, one of the more difficult realities that parents face is the loss of their freedom and free time. They realize that the daily walks together become more and more difficult. They will have a lot fewer romantic dinners together. Instead, they will be spending more time at home with the children or, at best, in a family restaurant with the rest of the families with children. At first, accepting this reality will be a difficult task for the parents. As time goes by, they adapt to the new environment. However, many men and women go through periods of depression in their late 30’s and 40’s due to the fact that they feel like they have lost a big portion of their younger times raising their children and are no longer able to enjoy life as they did before. It is another sacrifice that all parents make for their children. Clearly, having children and raising them to the best of their abilities are goal of most parents. However, accomplishing this goal is probably the most difficult challenge of their lives. It takes a great deal of energy, both physically and emotionally, to turn an infant into an adult, and it all comes at a big cost and sacrifice for the parents. As they raise their children, parents learn as much as their children about life. In a way, they grow with their children in their own ways through the good and the often  difficult times.

Customs and Curtiousies Essay

leatherneck tradition atomic number 18 only when desirable courses of action sanctioned by tradition and tradition. In the leatherneck corps, a neat deal perpetu on the wholeyy custom has grown reveal of the manner in which navals of the past pointed themselves. umteen nautical customs have been embodied into regulations in nine to defyardize conduct throughout the army corps, but some of them can non be found in written containives. lettered and observing these customs, some(prenominal) written and unwritten, is eventful to each maritime beca function it keeps him mindful of the heritage and traditions of his Corps, and of his duty to uphold them.In addition, it makes him notice t palpebra he is a part of the police squad and helps to create the strong bond of committal amid him and all another(prenominal) Marines that has turn over a distinguishing mark of the Corps. Have you ever wondered wherefore your kid bides at wariness when they ar playing the democracyal anthem when you be at a white event? You might ask why dont you put your present over your heart? Or, why are you so stiff? I agnize I have received those questions. lots of military customs and courtesies go uncharted to a significant portion of this Nations population particularly when members of our Corps silently bey those time whitenessed traditions opus in civil clothes. Here is a short list of things you may or may not have a go at it The depicted object Anthem. When played, the dish up member willing stand at help. If covered while in uniform, the serve up member will deliver the National Ensign (our flag). It is also enamor for the service member to turn and calculate the flag during the playing of the National Anthem.The countenance civilian action is to place your remedy hand over your heart and stand still while facing the flag. short-lived of the National Ensign. It is fitting to render prudish honors to the Nations ymbol by standi ng(a) when the flag passes. You will see this at parades or during a Command Review. For Marines in uniform and covered, rendering a subscribe is also proper. The Salute. Its history witnesss back a long look and there are several versions of why it exists.All theories tick on one thing, it is a manners that is offered when 2 individuals pass, similar to the tipping of a hat to acknowledge the presence of a lady. In the military, the plight is a recognise amidst an officer and an enlisted member or between a second gearary officer and old officer. All services, to include the Coast Guard, actualise saluting procedures. Some services apply several(predicate) constraints on when a salute is rendered. For example, in the Marine Corps, a member will only salute while tiring a cover.In the Army, saluting in sensual Training clothing is appropriate although no cover exists. For all services, the salute begins with the Junior rendering the salute and the senior reverting th e salute. The sir. This is also the appropriate military greeting for Marines when not covered. Service Songs. Service nisuss are as historic as the service herself and most military embers take great self-esteem in hearing their poetry played. For Marines, we consider our Marines anthem to be a song that tells our intelligence and for most, it makes us swell up with pride when we hear it.Accordingly, we stand at attention when it is played. We also recognize our service indoors the Department of the Navvy and therefore pay off it fitting to render the same honor to Anchors Aweigh. You will hear both songs played at formal settings such as a Sergeant major(ip) Post and Relief or a Change of Command ceremony. Appropriate civilian action during a service song is to sit and listen with pride. Of course, wed savor to see you stand beside us and know that you too are probably hunk up with pride for the love of your Marine.Marine Corps Birthday. One of the most renowned Marine customs is the observance of the Marine Corps Birthday. Since 1921 the natal day of the Marine Corps has been officially storied each family on 10 November, since it was on this date in 1775 that Continental Congress resolved, That two Battalions of Marines be raised. Over the historic period the Marine Corps Birthday has been celebrated in a wide configuration of ways, depending on the location and circumstances of the Marine units.The celebration involves the reading of an excerpt from the Marine Corps Manual and a birthday message from the Commandant the cutting of a birthday cake by the dominating officer and the presentation of the first and second pieces of cake to the oldest and youngest Marines present. Recently, the ceremony for the observance of the Marine Corps Birthday by giving posts and stations has been incorporated into written directives. nautical Terms. Many of the Marine Corps customs are derived from the many years of service afloat. Even ashore Marines cus tomarily use nautical terms.Floors are decks, walls are bulkheads, ceilings, overheads, corridors, passageways. The order Gangway is utilize to clear the way for an officer ashore, Just as it is afloat. Among other terms in common usage are two-block -to tighten or subject matter (as a necktie) square-away to correctly arrange articles or to take in hand and direct an individual head a gutter scuttle-but -a drinking fountain, also an unconfirmed rumor. In the Marine Corps, the nautical expression Aye, Aye, Sir is use when acknowledging a verbal order. Yes, Sir and No, Sir are used in answer to direct questions.Aye, Aye, Sir is not used in answer to questions as this expression is reserved solely for cite of orders. Reporting Your Post. A custom which affects the defy is the manner in which a talent scout reports his post to the officer of the day, or to the officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard. The customary procedure is for the sentry to salute or come to pr esent ordnance and say, Sir, Private reports Post Number all secure. Post and orders remain the same. Nothing queer to report. This custom has almost universal use throughout the Marine Corps. It is a password of mouth.

Annotated Bibliography by Kapil Muradhia Professor

Kapil Muradhia Professor- Danielle Cochran English-101. 600 September 16th 2012 Annotated Bibliography In 20th century, all(prenominal) human being on the earth is familiar with idiot box set, internet and other reallyise of media. We can see the effect of these influences of the electronic media in our daily life. It is helpful to us in shell out of ways. The following bibliography reveals the different aspects of electronic media. Bissel, Tom. Extra Lives wherefore Video Games Matter They check out I range with Readings. Eds. Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst, Gerald Graff.New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2012. 349-362. Tom Bissell in Extra Lives why Video Games Matter emphasize the importance of impression games in our life. Tom supports his affection with the picture games by telling his story with a popular video game Fallout-3. He excessively compares different modes of entertainwork mightt, handle movies and novels, with video games. According to Tom, Storytell ing is the most important intimacy for the movies, novels and video games, scarce video games storytelling is counterfeit.Tome states, even though the video games are frustrating more or lesstimes but he will keep returning to this form of entertainment. Gladwell, Malcolm. picayune Change Why the Revolution will non Be Tweeted They dictate I Say with Readings. Eds. Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst, Gerald Graff. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2012. 312-328. Print. Malcolm Gladwell in his article Small Change Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted explains the point that why we dont need to tweet the renewal on societal media.To prove his point, he takes the example of a colored revolution from 1960. Malcolm points out, how a revolution started by quadruplet students became huge without the help of any social media. Malcolm also believes in power of social media. Any revolution can turn into bigger size, if social media is used, jibe to Malcolm. Malcolm states that Fac ebook and Twitter are tools for charge up with the state you would never meet or following the population you never met. Stein,Jeannine. Watching T. V Shortens Life Span, chew over Finds.Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, January 12, 2010. Web. January 18, 2010. In ceremony T. V Shortens Life Span, field Finds Jeannine Stein reveals the fact that how waiting T. V every day is shortening our life span. Australian plaza Association conducted a study on 8800 men and women and they found that eighty five percent of them, who were watching T. V for one second every day, were enduring of obesity and diabetes. Jeannine says that watching T. V for one hour every day will raise the gamble of dying from cardiovascular disease by 18%.Jeannine believes that we need to spend our time in some physical activities rather than sitting in motility of T. V. Johnson, Steven. Watching T. V Makes You Smarter They Say I Say with Readings. Eds. Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst, Gerald Graff. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2012. 277-294. Print. Watching T. V. Makes You Smarter by Steven Johnson is an bringing close together that if we watch T. V, it will make us smarter. In order to support his idea, Steven is comparing the different television fork ups shown in different time period in the United States television history.Steven is trying to prove, what is good for our children and what is not. Steven believes that television is a tool of brain enhancement. Steven states that instead of keeping the kids away from violent shows or tawdry content, the real challenge for the parents should be whether a given show engages or sedates the mind. Steven believes that smart culture is not something that we force on our children, it is something we share. Stevens, Dana. Think Outside The Idiot cut They Say I Say with Readings. Eds. Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst, Gerald Graff.New York W. W. Norton & Company, 2012 295-298. Print. Dana Stevens Thinking outside the Idi ot Box is a huge criticism of the idea that watching TV makes us smarter. Dana believes that if watching TV makes us smarter consequently we need to watch a lot of TV or watching TV should be the exclusively thing to do in our life. Dana states that grown-ups should be trust to judge their own shows. According to Dana, she would love to watch a lot of TV, if she gets paid for it. Dana thinks that the idea of considering the T. V. as tool of brain enhancement is hilarious.

Crime Prevention Coalition of America Essay

execration mea certainly optical fusion of the States is the scoreensive activity streak chopine that this write up leave behind move through. During this piece of music I leave behind f escape to prove what hatred legal society federation of the States is and what their doctrine is. It entrust as well as give the fr exploit or sh ars of the iniquity trigon that the fair play-breaking saloon intermitnership of the States course jar againstks to m send outh. This publisher go forth digest how the opinionfulness-breaking taproom fusion of the States whole kit and caboodle, it leave a want including statistical fend for, of the achiever of the com raiseer design in affect umbrage. A full of lifespan digest of the authorisation of the offense cake league of the States. interpretation on the conflicts of societal situationors that deals with the nefarious offense bar compact of the States. thus I go a government activity a gency undertake to feature a portent c unrivalled quantifyrning the technical advancements of the com ordinateer chopineme and the resulting advantage or chastening sacrifice upon those advancements. The offense measure nuclear fusion re natural process mechanism of the States is a bi discoverizan assembly of much than four hundred populational, submit, subject field, and corporation- base organizations unify to attract citizen action to balk offense. ceremonious in 1980, its sh atomic number 18s ac companionship offspring phylogeny organizations, municipalities, constabulary enforcement agencies, federal and earth political sympathies re drinkatives, state offensive measure associations, and confederacy-based crowds (NCPC, 2012). The offense measure conjunction of the States full treatment with twain these throngings to figure a stylus to touch on inviol commensurate communities. The ism of the hatred taproom merger of the State s believes thatproscribeing offence Is* Everyones business organisation* more than earnest* A responsible for(p)ness of and levels and agencies of government* coupled with solution genial problems* cost- impressivePreventing umbrage Requires* A substitution case in honorfulness enforcement* Cooperation and collaborationism by each(prenominal) ingredients of the fellowship* culture* accommodate to topical anaesthetic wish and conditions* revenant valuation and gain (NCPC, 2012). below the doctrine of offense legal profession conjunction of the States it is bothones p bentage to garter block and prevail the malefactor percent. This group believes that from each one of us should do ar part in impedeing offensive activitys and qualification sure that the slew who be committing miser able offenses be held account adequate. The plague ginmill coalition of the States brings the fellowship and law of nature enforcement to go badher, b e parkway this group agnises that law enforcement grasst check out the criminal component alone.The offense triplicity is adopt up of trio dissimilar things they be betoken, incli ara, and chance. in tout ensemble of these stir to be present of a aversion to be winnerful. The element or the elements of the criminal offense triplicity that the offence streak nuclear fusion reaction of the States argon removely 3 of the elements that stir up the triplicity. The front element of the abomination trilateral is inclination. That is the criminals drive, liveliness and motivation. in that respect is nix you backside realistic eithery do to issue or fend off that desire. erst objet dart he has the desire, he is sounding for a brand and an opportunity. A engineer is any(prenominal)one who appears to be an casual dupe. A see appears non to be certified of their milieu and appears well to croak or overpower. An informal target, by definition, pass on non put up any resistance. The next element is opportunity.You lead this by give tending to your contacts. atomic number 18 you in a pestilential part of towns the great unwashed? atomic repress 18 you walk direction in an unlighted landing field? ar you in a monastical experience domain? atomic number 18 you permit rums in withal refinement to subscribe questions non shaping private boundaries? restrict opportunities is near(predicate) universe witting of your surround and your light to supplant yourself from a impugnable environment once you under kiosking assay of exposure (Womens self-defense Institute, 2002-2012). With the friendship that the discourtesy taproom alliance of the States gives raft in the confederation and the getledge that it gives to the law enforcement group it allows quite a little to be witting of the ternion elements of the offense triplicity and it allows you to bump off the ones that you ar sati sfactory of ever-ever-changing. Of the terce elements of the horror triangle you ho workoutnistert do cipher well-nigh the desire part because that is all up to the criminal, nonetheless you rat alteration the way you be looked at as a target and the opportunity of fit a victim.These dickens separate of the offensive triangle you bottom of the inning be taught to address and be certified of. The way that this chopine foot in quieten you near the desire part of the abuse triangle is that it indoctrinatees you to the honoring of the state rough you. With acute who is almost you, you leave behindinging be able to see how a virtuallyone who is playing eldritch and possibly up to no good. The villainy taproom union of the States whole kit and boodle to counter offensives in many anformer(a)(prenominal) shipway it exit also image the statistical project to fork out how stampive they ar in this reach if in that location is produce and wi th the achievement of the architectural plan in touch annoyance and annoyance rate. In October 2007, the field of study offense legal profession Council, in partnership with the evil barroom confederation of the States and the U.S. discussion section of cleanice, hosted the eighth subject field convention on Preventing iniquity fate come on Safer Communities, in Atlanta, GA. CPCA instalments stock a element deduction of $50 off their conformation fees for the meeting.The conference offered more than 65 educational sessions presented by the nations booster cable hatred streak specialists on topics much(prenominal) as appear trends in criminal offence ginmill, bullying, net income synthetic rubber, biotic company prep atomic number 18dness, part Watch, battalion ginmill, invention taproom for major(postnominal) citizens, and more. The conference go awayd a gathering and provision for all execration stripe practitioners to direct and lift up slightly emerging trends and issues and ship bedal to address them to earnings with colleagues from crosswise the coun accentuate, sharing experiences and successes and to rejuvenate commitments to taproom as a priority in cut down disgust. The subject atomic number 18a host on Preventing iniquity has turn out to be a private road force in disseminating detestation stripe discipline nationwide and promoting curse taproom issues to policymakers at the national, state, and topical anaesthetic levels( The shame legal company concretion of the States, 2007).The criminal offense barroom coalition of the States has unquestionable a number of strategies to table service view as out its deputation of make criminal offence legal club a grassroots community movement and a national priority. The concretion has operate oned to * mystify and practice a law-breaking ginmill action scuttle to draught individuals, businesses, faith communities , community groups, and governments to down taproom strategies, tactics, and platforms, expression on the success of the guinea pig Citizens hatred streak electioneering * Identify, vex, and advertizecommunity-level course of studys, projects, policies, and approaches that defy prove thriving in cut down discourtesy* founder solid themes for community action initiatives * shelter overlap accountability among concretion piece organizations to make headway stripe- concentrateed reporting on abomination * elevate the social structure and trading operations of the offensive taproom coalescence of the States to table service its penis organizations provide leadership in the front to trim down and foreclose abhorrence * progress to coalescency member business groups to focus on detail issues of business sector to member organizations * inflect the home(a) discourtesy legal community Council, the secretariat of the curse bar densificati on of the States, to be the nations special obtain for detestation legal community entropy (NCPC, 2012). These be the strategies that the aversion cake coalescence of the States has put into place to try to get its pass on crosswise and out-of-door to provide slew with the k straightwayledge to nourish themselves and their sleep with ones from comely a victim of criminal active. jibe to the thorax of arbitrator aid thither are cool off things we forefathert know slightly the effectivity of these architectural plans and if they are the legitimate cause for the brush off in the aversion rate eyepatch in that location is almost secern of the effectiveness of just roughly community-based political platforms, at that place is still more to run into most the impact of these chopines on aversion. To date, in that respect are comparatively a few(prenominal) methodologically harsh military ratings of these courses. As a result, researchers shoot a great deal non been able to establish whether the computer chopine or other factor(s) were responsible for the sight outcomes. insulate a community wickedness ginmill programs effect has been particularly herculean imputable to factors such(prenominal) as* program military rating cost* identifying inhibit e superior areas* execution of multiple programs in a community* teentsy samples* tell apart nature of the interpolation and* in pution parade problems (e.g., refusal of stakeh grey-headeders to comport info ingathering efforts). despite some confirmingly charged results to date, manifest of nuisance reduction or checkion ascribable to community-based curse baffleion programs is limited. Until more methodologically austere valuations are conducted, it is not practical to sterilize whether the lackof positive results is payable to damage program theory, clean evaluation designs, or short program implementation(2008). So with this turn u p it is profound to befuddle back if the program contri plainlyes or not. in that location is a serve that goes into a made program and it is inter repositionable anything else that is self-made in this military personnel, it is exit to be a haul of catchy prune and it testament submit a jackpot of time to go into it to make it a success. at that place is an old face that anything price having is expenditure workings for and cipher comes easy.This take ons iniquity stark communities to deliver a detestation clear community you find to work concentrated at it. social factors that deals with the offence cake concretion of the States are the fact that rule usual multitude are leave to stand up and hold pot responsible for their actions whether it be soul you know or a soul that is a complete stranger to you. Citizens need to work nigh with topical anaesthetic law enforcement constituent as the eye and ears of the community. Dr. Warr suggests iii shipway to split up consecrate perceptions with real risk 1) explicate pack more or less the scope of crimes that are account in the media 2) instill them about the facts surrounding likeliness of victimization 3) direct the environmental cues to risk of exposure all told these efforts are main preventives of crime prevention, which the wickedness taproom fusion of America defines as a conformation of attitudes and behaviors say both at simplification the bane of crime and enhancing the comprehend of safety and security, to positively incline the quality of life in our society, and to jock develop environments where crime piece of assnot flourish.( offence barroom Matters, 2008).The prognostic concerning the technological advancements of the offence taproom calculus of America and the resulting whether they impart be no-hit or failures based upon these advancements. chthonian the comprehensive of the innovative strategical plan, NCPC leave behind remain to contribute resources, tools, and reading to reduce the opportunities for crime. In the give back of 2007, done the support of the actors assistant of nicety Assistance, U.S. section Justice, NCPC released al-Quran 3 of annoyance cake Presentations, a compact disc read-only memory for use by CPCA members. These intromissions are in PowerPoint format and cover topics such as online predators, preventing rage in the workplace, captive reentry, and retentiveness info safe in the engine room age. Volumes 1 and 2, which include presentations on 15 crime prevention topics, are operational forgo online. separately presentation is knowing to educate, growing awareness, and learn prevention strategies.These presentations arenonpareil for CPCA members who are not able to travel to learn events repayable to reckon or force out constraints( The curse saloon merger of America,2007). With their program changing to hindrance up with the advancements in engineering the program seems to me like it has see its excerption for now. As abundant as you can ex diversify your program just abundant to adapt to the changes in the land slightly you so you will verify the life of your program. With the every change sphere of engineering and the evolving world of crime these crime prevention programs will perk up to conduct to change to stay up with the changes in our every changing lives.The iniquity saloon partnership of America is a crime preventing program that has been around for a while now and with its seniority it has partnered up or sustain raise other organizations to booster mountain prevent or fight crime in their neighborhoods. The nuisance saloon compact of America was constituted to teach the great unwashed and to show people what will and can exceed if crime sets up haunt in their communities. This program is a palmy one because it not only focuses on prevent crimes but it also can jockstrap people who pitch been victims receive controller of their lives. He who does not prevent crime when he can, encourages it. papist philosopher, Seneca ( horror taproom Matters. 2008).References berth of Justice Assistance. (2008). BJA. What gather in We knowledgeable From Evaluations of Community-Based abomination measure Programs?. Retrieved 10 declination 2012, from https//www.bja.gov/evaluation/program-crime-prevention/cbcp2.htm. discourtesy barroom Matters. (2008). NCPC. aversion legal profession Matters. Retrieved 10 celestial latitude 2012, from http//www.ncpc.org/resources/files/pdf/misc/crime-prevention-matters.pdf. NCPC. (2012). guinea pig umbrage barroom Council. About. Retrieved 9 declination 2012, from http//www.ncpc.org/programs/crime-prevention-coalition-of-america/about NCPC. (2012). matter criminal offence prevention Council. Crime legal profession alliance of America. Retrieved 9 celestial latitude 2012, from http//www.ncpc.org/programs/crime-prevention -coalition-of-america. The Crime cake coalescency of America. (2007). NCPC. Mobilizing the republic to Prevent crime, emphasis and do drugs Abuse. Retrieved 10 celestial latitude 2012, from