The Between The Euphrates And Euphrates Tigris And Tigris...

Nearly ten-thousand years ago the first recorded civilization emerged in the world. Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, (Mesopotamia) lived the ancient Sumerian peoples. Since then, time has seen the creation and decimation of thousands of countries and economies. In this time, common political structures consisted of a powerful top down ruling where either pharaohs, dictators, or kings held all or most of the power. After ten-thousand years of trial and error, the American capitalistic system of the last several hundred years has propelled civilizations across the world in an increasingly exponential positive direction. The prowess of capitalism, as opposed to other systems like socialism and communism, can be proved through philosophy, psychology and history. The crisis of the 14th century seen the infantile implementation of capitalistic thought. The crisis brought social upheaval, plagues and natural disasters to areas across Europe. There had been a dramatic drop in population during this era, â€Å"In little over a century, from 1340 to 1450, however, the western European population fell from 54 million to 37 million, a 31 percent drop in only a century† (Mises). France had seen an incredible amount of rainfall in the year 1315 which led to wide spread crop failure. During this time there had been, â€Å"widespread famine, reports of cannibalism, and epidemics† (Uwbg). The 14th century also seen the disastrous effects of the black plague which speculatively claimed theShow MoreRelated Mesopotamia Urbanization Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe â€Å"Land between rivers†. The two main rivers that ran parallel to each other in Mesopotamia were called the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Tigris River was the more unpredictable river to the East of the Euphrates River and the second largest river in the region. The Euphrates River is the larger of the two rivers and is located to the West of the Tigris river. Both rivers flowed from Eastern Turkey all the way to the Persian Gulf (Tigris-Euphrates river system) .The two rivers providedRead MoreChange over Time Essay: Mesopotamia from 2000 Bce to Current Day1078 Words   |  5 PagesBCE to Current Day The earliest civilization in Asia arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia meaning land between the rivers because of its convenient location between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This river valley regions rich soil and access to waterways made early civilization thrive on agriculture and trade. Although much has changed since its beginnings, the Mesopotamian River Valley has continued to grow and develop as a civilization to this day. During the time period 2000 BCE to presentRead MoreGilgamesh : The King Of Uruk984 Words   |  4 Pagestame Enkidu. After being tamed and hearing about Gilgamesh and his wedding day customs, Enkidu decides to go confront him. Once there he stopped Gilgamesh from proceeding with his regular activities. Gilgamesh was enraged by this and a clash erupted between the two. Even though he had good intentions Enkidu lost, but admired Gilgamesh’s power and strength, and so the two of them became best friends. Gilgamesh wants to steal power from the god s and so he plans to go to the cedar forest to kill HumbabaRead MoreSocial Studies Megan Baldwin s The Epic Of Gilgamesh 788 Words   |  4 Pagesout of clay. O is for Oldest Society O is for Oldest Society. Mesopotamia is the oldest society. Society means a group of people living together in a group. It was the first society known to humans. Mesopotamia is between the Tigris and Euphrates river. It was located where it was because of the water supply. Water is an important thing to have near you for plant growing and drinking. P is for Polytheism P is for Polytheism. Polytheism is the worship of many godsRead MoreMesopotamian Civilization1351 Words   |  6 PagesMesopotamian Civilization Wedged between the Tigris and Euphrates River, the first civilization and founder of the many methods and ideas we hold today, now lay in ruins under the desert sands of present day Iraq. Mesopotamia is home to the invention of writing, our twelve month lunar based calendar, the wheel, the division of minutes to seconds, and the opening of the first routes to import and export trade. The Sumerians of Mesopotamia were enveloped by environmental conditions that constantlyRead More The Inflence of Rivers and Climate on Baghdad, Iraq Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesInflence of Rivers and Climate on Baghdad, Iraq The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, along with their reaction to the climate, have both helped and hurt Baghdad, Iraq. The rivers provided pathways to other civilizations, allowing Baghdad to grow into the transportation and cultural center of Iraq. Its fertile soil, deposited by flooding, provided the area with the ability to become the birthplace of civilization through tremendous agricultural production. Although the flooding of the rivers greatlyRead MoreDescribe The Relationship Between Ancient Civilizations1023 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Civilizations In this essay I will be explaining the relationship between four ancient civilizations. These civilizations include; Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt. Not only will I be explaining the relationship between these four civilizations, I will also be explaining how the geography of these civilizations relate to religion, social classes,and writing. Paragraph 1 - Describe land and water forms The geography of these four civilizations are very important aspect of their cultureRead MoreMesopotamia and Egypt Essay before 600 BC911 Words   |  4 Pagesexcel in farming and agriculture. Mesopotamia had fertile valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Despite receiving little rainfall, the Tigris and Euphrates brought large volumes of fresh water to the region through irrigation. Cultivators tapped these rivers, built reservoirs, and dug canals so they could irrigate fields of barley, wheat, and peas. Similarly, Egypt also had little rainfall. However, in the Nile river allowed farming to develop along its banks. The Egyptians took advantageRead MoreGeographic and Environmental Factors1517 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscovery of the Cumberland Gap. The second geographical factor that significantly contributed to the development and expansion of the United States is the major rivers of the Midwest regions such as, â€Å"The Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, and other rivers knit together the American nation over the course of a century† (River Towns, River Networks, 2012). The early colonists had trouble passing over the Appalachian Mountains due to the extremely difficult environmental conditions that these mountainsRead MoreAncient Mesopotamia And Egypt Different1029 Words   |  5 PagesEgypt; Different The Same Long before you and I today were societies in formation. These fascinating societies took place in Mesopotamia and Egypt in ancient times. Many factors contributed to the similarities and the differences that occurred between the two; including geography, religion, and social structures. A glance at the these factors will give us a better understanding of a couple of the first societies or civilizations that occurred before people today. In order to understand a society

William Shakespeares Hamlet Relationship Between...

In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare the relationship between passion and reason plays an important role in the fate of the young Prince Hamlet’s life. Throughout the play Hamlet finds out a numerous amount of unsettling news that pushes him towards rash decisions. The ghost of Hamlet’s recently deceased father, the King, sets the play into motion when he bestows Hamlet with the order to kill his murderer, Hamlet’s uncle (1.5.24-25). Relying only on his trusted friends, Hamlet sets out to find the truth as he encounters betrayal and deceit. Although Hamlet’s motivation to act upon emotions continues to provoke him, he uses reason to prevent himself from committing irrational actions, but that internal war ultimately drives him insane. Although Hamlet seems to think through most of his actions in the play, like any human he often falls short of reason and leans on his emotions to give him security and comfort. In the beginning of the play Hamlet makes his curiosity and disgust of his uncle quite obvious. Therefore when the ghost in the form of Hamlet’s father confronts him revealing the deceitful actions his uncle has committed, Hamlet quickly decides to get revenge (1.5.24-28). The close relationship Hamlet had with the victim led Hamlet to truly believe and want to get revenge based on his emotional involvement. Although Hamlets heart seems to provoke these actions, he later comes back to question the validity of the ghost and rethink ways of getting revenge to bestShow MoreRelatedClaudius Character Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, one of the most popular plays ever written. Claudius causes a war between passion and responsibility when he murders the father of Hamlet, the main character, and then marries Hamlets mother Gertrude. Claudius killed Hamlets father and then married Gertrude only so he could take the crown and become King. Claudius put passion in front of his responsibilities as Hamlets uncle and as a result of Claudius’ actions, Hamlet is forced to find revenge on him for theRead MoreInterpretation of Conflict within Hamlet1684 Words   |  7 Pageseffective for distinct reasons. Within Act 3, Scene 4 of Hamlet, Shakespeare provides little direction by which the scene should be interpreted, but the play, taken in its entirety, proposes a certain way in which Hamlet and Gertrude express their emotions. This has led to distinctive cinematic interpretations of this scene, all in which portray the storyline in a unique way. Kenneth Branagh’s version of the closet scene provides a more realistic portrayal of the conflict between Hamlet and Gertrude thanRead More Hamlets Love for Ophelia Essay776 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚   In Hamlet, we are introduced to the complexities of a man who is struggling to murder his uncle while trying to understand his mothers motives. His inner turmoil has left him emotionally unavailable and completely disenc hanted with humanity in general.  Ã‚      Hamlet seems to be at his best when he is cruel which could reveal a deeper method for self-medication in which he hurts those he loves most - especially his mother Ophelia.   However, while we can clearly discern his reasons for rejectingRead MoreCharacters Influenced by Traumatic Internal Events: Hamlet, and Death of a Salesman1018 Words   |  5 Pageshabit, reason, passion, and desire.† Demonstrating a link between internal thoughts and external action, characters in both William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman harness Aristotle’s philosophical ideology. In both plays, a main character becomes so overwhelmed by mental or psychological events that their actions become reflective of them. Although set in different time periods and involving entirely different circumstances, the fates of both Shakespeare’s OpheliaRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1413 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Ha mlet focuses on Hamlet, a 30-year old man who tries to seek revenge for his father. Reading the play and looking at it through a contemporary lenses, one can assume the title character is homosexual. Even though Shakespeare does not mean for hamlet to be a homosexual, a contemporary reader can assume this argument; through Hamlet’s characterization and misogynistic relations. Hamlet social aspects has an apparent fluctuation, ever since he encountered his father’s ghostRead MoreThe Juxtaposition of Hamlet Characters1658 Words   |  7 Pagespeople around them. In William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet†, Ophelia and Laertes represent different aspects of prince Hamlets traits that further the understanding of his behaviour, thoughts, and over-all character. Laertes and Ophelia, like Hamlet, are children of murdered fathers. This connection helps create a link between the three that sends them passionately to their end. Ophelia has an important relationship and entangling affair with the prince. Hamlets and Ophelia’s actionsRead MoreFactors Contributing to Shakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play1203 Words   |  5 PagesFactors Contributing to Shakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play William Shakespeares Hamlet, through the heroism and nobility of its hero, his superior power of insight into, and reflection upon, his situation, and his capacity to suffer the moral anguish which moral responsibility brings, is considered one of the greatest pieces of literature ever written. Throughout the play, Hamlet, through both soliloquies and actions, displays these characteristicsRead MoreThe Dangers Of Revenge In William Shakespeares Hamlet900 Words   |  4 Pagesduties. Hamlet, in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, allows his personal passions to interfere with himself and those that are close to him. As a result of Hamlet’s eagerness to avenge his father, he is led to neglect both Ophelia and his mother, disregarding his morals as a person, and revealing that revenge is a destructive ambition to all those that encounter it. Hamlet fools those around him with his madness as a part of his plan of revenge and eventually destroys the relationship between him andRead MoreEssay on Passionate Gertrude in Shakespeares Hamlet2793 Words   |  12 PagesGertrude in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Like so many of the characters in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, Gertrude appears to be dominated by passion. This essay will explore this and other aspects of her interesting character.    Lilly B. Campbell comments in â€Å"Grief That Leads to Tragedy† on Queen Gertrude’s sinful state:    Shakespeare’s picture of the Queen is explained to us by Hamlet’s speech to her in her closet. There we see again the picture of sin as evil willed by a reason pervertedRead MoreThe Consequences Of Ophelia In William Shakespeares Hamlet1214 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a compelling story filled with suffering, revenge, and manipulation. While these are all aspects that come together to create a memorable and thought-provoking play, they also result in the downfall of various characters. With these unfortunate individuals, Shakespeare shows that it is not necessarily one’s actions, but their situation that decides whether they lose it all. In this play, the victims’ suffering is not their own doing, but instead it is caused by the

Effectiveness of Motivational Theories in Motivating Low Status Employ

Question: Discuss about theEffectiveness of Motivational Theories in Motivating Low Status Employees. Answer: Introduction Performance of workers in organizations highly depends on the level of motivation of employees. In workplaces where the level of morale is low, the performance level is also low while high motivation level attracts high performance. Majority of the motivational theories applied in organizations target at appealing the psychology of individuals, which is dependent on the level of social status they hold. Among the low-status employees, the effectiveness of the motivational theories highly depends on their ability to highlight their needs, which include financial obligations, job security, and sense of belonging. Maslows Theory One of the motivational theories that an organisation can use in order to motivate its low-status employees is the Maslows Hierarchical theory. The effectiveness of this theory depends on the managements ability to identify and classify the needs of the employees working in the low status levels. According to Maslows theory, everyone has needs (Jerome, 2013, p39). These needs vary thereby causing there to be different levels of needs. The methods of motivation used on each individual should therefore vary depending on ones level of needs. If the management places an employee in the wrong level of needs, he or she will not be motivated enough to yield the results that was expected (Kaur, 2013, p1062). In the case of low status employees, if the management decides to use the motivational strategies appropriate for employees in the self-actualization level of needs such as increasing their responsibility, the method would be ineffective. The employees would feel oppressed as what they r equire most is money to meet their basic needs. Instead of the strategy leading to increased productivity, it would lead to increased complains and workers strikes. However, increasing their basic salary would motivate the employees to work hard thus increased profitability in the organisation. In order to ascertain that there is increased effectiveness of the Maslows theory in increasing motivation amongst low status employees, organisations managements should aim to meet the needs of people in the psychological and safety needs. Theory X and Theory Y Organisations can further use Theory X and Theory Y to motivate their employees. While Theory Y states that people have a need to work and thus they do not require to be pushed in order to work effectively (Ovidiu-Iliuta, 2013, p56). Theory X on the other hand argues that every employee needs to be pushed, threatened and supervised in order to work hard (Ovidiu-Iliuta, 2013, p56). The effectiveness of this theory is thus dependent on the ability of the management team to identify the category that the low status employees belong. The two theories cater for two groups of employees; those that need to be pushed in order to motivate them to complete their work as well as those that require to be assigned more responsibilities in order to be motivated (Kopelman, 2008, p255). When the management fails to identify the appropriate theory for the low status employees, they risk using the wrong theory, which would lead to continued low productivity. Low status employees are in most cases in t he category of employees that need to be pushed, thus theory X is applicable to them. However, the assumption that every low status employee needs to be pushed and punished in order to be motivated is often incorrect and may lead to an organisation losing some hardworking employees. In cases where the employees need to be motivated using incentives and appreciation, this theory is inappropriate and may be a source of demoralization instead of a motivating factor. Cognitive Evaluation Theory The cognitive evaluation theory is based on the argument that motivation can either be intrinsic or extrinsic (Van den Bos Van Prooijen, 2002, p616). The effectiveness of this theory is therefore dependent on the managements ability to identify if the low status employees require either extrinsic motivation or intrinsic motivation. Those that require intrinsic motivation are highly demoralised when the management uses extrinsic methods (Van den Bos Van Prooijen, 2002, p618). Although they may not reject the rewards given, the methods lead to a decrease in their productivity thus making the theory ineffective. This is similar to those that are motivated through extrinsic methods (Fehr Falk, 2002, p700). They also do not feel motivated when the management uses intrinsic methods. When the theory is used and the right methods used to motivate the right group, the employees are happy and the organisation is able to record increased productivity. In most of the cases, the management ass umes that all low status employees are motivated extrinsically. The assumption is not always correct, a fact that decreases the effectiveness of the theory since the wrong motivation methods are used. In order to increase the effectiveness of this theory therefore, the management needs to identify the appropriate motivational methods for each of the low status employees and use them on each of them. This may however end up being very expensive for the company. McClelland Theory Acquired Needs Theory David McClelland developed the Needs theory, a motivational theory that is applicable in organizations today. According to the theory, managers have to learn the characteristics of their employees in order to identify what drives them. McClelland divided the needs among the workers into three categories, which are achievement, affiliation, and power (Robbins Judge, 2007, p134). These needs act as dominant motivators. The type of need among individuals is dependent on experiences and culture. Most low-status individual fall under the categories of achievement and affiliation. One of the characteristics of this category of workers is that they have an urge to become more. They focus on a future that is better in terms of the financial aspect, health, living conditions, position in the society, and position in the workplace, among others (Ovidiu-Iliuta, 2013, p55). Therefore, in the workplace, this category of workers is driven by the dominating need of achievement. Thus, they desire to accomplish goals that are challenging through taking calculated risks. The managers not only need to assign them tasks that are out of their comfort zone, but also monitor their progress to give them adequate progress that would boost them towards achieving. Another category of low-status employees whose main drive is affiliation also exists. Such employees like to play it safe to reduce the chances of losing their jobs since they have an inclination to cater for their financial needs. Such people develop links with other employees to not only develop a sense of belonging but increase their job security. For example, through collaboration, they would shoulder each other against competition, which could result to loss of jobs for those whose performance is low. The managers, in this category, allocate duties to groups of people with the necessary expertise, hence reducing the exposure to high risk. Alderfers ERG Theory This theory argues that the human needs have three categories namely the growth needs, the relatedness theory and the existence theory (Yang, Hwang Chen, 2011, p7885). The effectiveness of this theory is dependent on the ability of the management team of an organization to fulfil all the needs of the employees in the low status jobs as they arise. The management team has the responsibility of finding out the needs the employees have and strategizing on how to meet these growing needs. Every employee has needs that develop as others are satisfied (Caulton, 2012, p2). The methods of motivating the low status employees change depending on the change of the needs that they have to meet. Most of the employees start working in the low status jobs because of the need to meet their basic needs. However, as soon as these needs are met, the urge to satisfy social and growth needs increases. If the management continues to use the motivational methods meant for people that urgently need to sati sfy their basic needs, it may demoralize them and push them into searching for job opportunities that will meet their growth and relatedness needs (Arnolds Boshoff, 2002, p700). Hertzbergs Theory Herzbergs theory of motivation presents two sets of factors that influence the motivation of workers in an organization. While the motivational factors target at improving the employee morale, the hygiene factors aim at reducing the elements that would reduce the level of motivation among the workers. The factors vary depending on the social status of employees (Robbins Judge, 2007, p156). For example, where among the high-status workers policies and working conditions could act as sources of dissatisfaction, the low-income group is more focused on the presence of a salary. According to the study of Danis et al. (2007, p1656), which evaluates the choice of employment benefits related to health among the low-income employees, it is evident that the preference of the low status workers is financial security, then job retention, and finally health benefits. Although the results only reflect preference of health-promoting benefits, one can relate it to the inclinations employees have in the workplace. For example, these workers main concern is salary, monetary awards, and job security. Evidently, the hygiene factors are of more importance than the motivational factors. The major hygiene factors that the managers could focus on are salary, job security and high quality supervision to assure high quality of work. Nonetheless, motivational factors such as recognition and involvement in decision making would inspire the workers to work towards attainment of organizational goals. Equity Theory Organisations also use the Adams equity theory of motivation to ensure that they keep the low status employees motivated. The theory suggests that the management should ensure that they reward employees with both tangible and intangible rewards for their input in the organisation (Al-Zawahreh Al-Madi, 2012, p158). The rewards should be directly proportional to the input. The effectiveness of this motivational theory is therefore dependent on the managements ability to measure the input of the employees. Most of the input that the theory recommends be assessed may be difficult to measure as there are no machines that can complete the assessments. The success of the assessment is therefore dependent on the managements observation abilities. If they fail to observe and record the input of some employees in a given capacity, it may lead to demoralization of the low status employees and thus failure of the theory (Tudor, 2011, p98). The effectiveness of the theory is further dependent on the managements ability to develop an accurate rewarding system. Different low status employees may put in different types of input, for example, one may demonstrate loyalty to the company while another may make personal sacrifices. Although the input is different, they all deserve to be rewarded fairly in order to increase motivation amongst the employees. When the rewarding system seems unfair to the employees, they are demoralized and reduced productivity is recorded (Bell Martin, 2012, p110). Expectancy Theory This theory is also used by organisations to motivate low status employees. The theory argues that motivation is a choice that is dependent on what employees expect in terms of whether the set goal is achievable, whether there are rewards for achieving the goal and the value of the reward to the employees (Wigfield Eccles, 2000, p68). One of the factors that determine the effectiveness of the theory is the achievability of the set goals. The employees could feel that the set goal is unachievable and thereby be demoralized from working towards achieving it. In order to increase the effectiveness of the theory therefore, the management should ensure that it sets achievable goals in order to motivate the employees to increase their productivity. The effectiveness of this theory is further dependent on the value of the reward to the employees. If the management gives a reward that is considered to be of low value to the low status employees, then the theory fails to be effective in moti vating the employees (Van Eede Thierry, 1996, p578). The effectiveness of the theory further depends on the assurance to the employees that they will receive an award when they achieve the set goals. If the employees are not sure that they will be awarded, then their motivation is decreased thereby causing the theory to be ineffective. Organisations that use this theory can increase its effectiveness by ensuring that it sets achievable goals and promises awards that are valuable to the concerned employees. Conclusion In conclusion, the effectiveness of employee motivational theories varies depending on how the management of an organisation implements the theories. It is important for the management of organisations to ensure that it understands all the aspects of the motivational theories that it chooses to use. This is important because it helps them ascertain that they include every aspect of the motivational theory in their strategic plan thus managing to utilize it fully and yield positive results. Bibliography Al-Zawahreh, A. Al-Madi, F. 2012. The utility of Equity Theory in enhancing organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 46, 158-170. Van den Bos, K. Van Prooijen, J. 2002. Referent cognitions theory: The psychology of voice depends on closeness of reference points. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 81, 616-626. Yang, C., Hwang, M. Chen, Y. 2011. An empirical study of the existence, relatedness and growth (ERG) theory in consumers selection of mobile value-added services. African Journal of Business Management, 5(19), 7885-7898. Danis, Marion et al. 2007. Low-income employees choice regarding employment benefits aimed at improving the socioeconomic determinants of health. Am J Public Health, 97(9), 1650-1657, [Online], Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.091033 Jerome, Nyameh. 2013. Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(3), pp39-45. Ovidiu-Iliuta, Dobre. 2013. Employee motivation and organizational performance. Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, 5(1), pp53-60. Robbins, Stephens and Judge Tim. 2007. Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Tudor, T. 2011. Motivating employees with limited pay incentives using equity theory and the fast food industry as a model. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(23), 95-101 Bell, R. Martin, J. 2012. The relevance of scientific management and equity theory in everyday managerial communication situations. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 13(3), 106-115. Caulton, J. 2012. The development and use of the Theory of ERG: A literature review. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 5(1), 2-8. Arnolds, C. Boshoff, C. 2002. Compensation, esteem valence and job performance: an empirical assessment of Alderfers ERG Theory. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(4), 67-719. Wigfield, A. Eccles, J. 2000. Expectancy-Value Theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary Education Psychology, 25, 68-81. Van Eede, W. Thierry, H. 1996. Vrooms expectancy models and work related criteria: A Meta analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 81(5), 575-586. Fehr, E. Falk, A. 2002. Psychological Foundations of Incentives. European Economic Review, 46, 687-724. Kopelman, R. 2008. Douglas McGregors Theory X and Y: Toward a construct valid measure. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(2), 255-271. Kaur, A. 2013. Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(10), 1061-1064.

Sexual exploitation Essay Example

Sexual exploitation Paper Very young girl is a movie that addresses the topic of the underage prostitution in the New York City with a documentary that has the stories of several unsuspecting girls who fall victims of the city’s cruel as well as manipulative pimps. Rachel Lloyd the founder of the Girls Education and Mentoring Services (GEMS) and a former prostitute gives these little hopeless girls hope and courage again and assist them find another way of life. She is determined to ensure that the youths of today do not make the same mistakes as she was enticed into the grubby world of prostitution. The movie takes us through the exact situation in the city as we watch the life of these young women. Teen girls are seen at different phases of this transition. While some of the girls have completely and successfully broken up with their pasts others have been so psychologically manipulated by their pimps such that they feel compelled to return to their previous life. As we come to know these girls better, they emerge as well-rounded individuals full of unexpected laughter and insight. One chilling element the film uncovers is a videotape confiscated by police of two pimps recording their activities with the intent of making a reality television show. Later Lloyd gets recognized for her work at a human rights awards ceremony. Gender and sex We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual exploitation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual exploitation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual exploitation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sex refers to the biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs, while gender expresses the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine. Sociologically gender role refers to the characteristics as well as behaviors that different cultures attribute to the sexes Prince (2005). What it means to be a real man in any culture requires male sex plus what our various cultures define as masculine characteristics and behaviors, likewise a real woman needs female sex and feminine characteristics. Sex industry A number of women earn part or all their living as sex workers. The sex industry includes pornography, nude dancing, telephone sex, as well as computer pornography. Contrary to the ugly stereotypes of prostitutes as fallen women, dope addicts, or disease carriers, sex workers are women at worksupporting children as single parents, trying to save money to go to school, surviving economically in a job market that underpays women at every economic level. As adult sex workers speak out, they expose the many forms of violence that they experience: Poverty that forces women, especially women of color and runaway teenagers, into work as sex workers Sexism in the job market that means that even middle- and upper-class women can earn more in sex work than in most other jobs available Intimidation and beatings by pimps, to whom many sex workers must give their earnings in return for protection, Police harassment and lack of police protection when they are victims of crime such as robbery, battery, and rape, The arrest and prosecution of prostitutes while clients go free (Willis, 2010). The racism and class bias that lead to the arrest and imprisonment of far more prostitutes of colour and women with low incomes than white, middle-class women, even though the majority of sex workers are white and middle-class are the challenges this women face day in day out. Very young girls takes us through a face of this challenges faced by the young women. The film is a reflection of the modern society. The victim has no one to turn to the people who are supposed to help her treat her like a criminal. The girls are left to live in fear and terror some of them do not even survive the ordeals while others end up hating the opposite sex all through their lives. Sexual exploitation refers to the exchange of money, drugs, food or shelter for sexual activities, especially with children or youths under the age of eighteen. Drug use is linked to sexual exploitation in a number of ways. To begin with, many persons who are exploited are sexually assaulted, raped and abused when under the influence of drugs Carlson (2010). Again, many people become involved in the sex industry to finance their drug addiction and often trade their body for drugs. Lastly, human and drug trafficking are often linked, and through threats of violence and promises of freedom. This is never considered prostitution or consensual. Some youth feel they are not being exploited, and that they have chosen to exchange sexual acts for resources. But sexual exploitation is not employment nor is it a chosen occupation; it is a form of sexual abuse. Prostitution and Substance Abuse Drugs are basically related to prostitution, especially street prostitution. Estimates suggest that between 40 and 85 per cent of the prostitutes are drug users (Carlson, 2010). Many prostitutes, men and women, engage in this behavior to support their drug habits and are often the victim of sexual exploitation, violent crimes, rapes, assaults and other serious crimes but these are very often unreported crimes. In some cases, an individual begins to prostitute herself as a way to finance a drug habit. In other cases, a third person may be forcing a person to work on the street or in a brothel to make money. Drug use may be a consequence of the life that a prostitute leads and drugs may be taken to numb themselves, deal with the reality of their life and as a way to be able to get on the street and continue to do the degrading and often violent work. In some cases, a prostitute will be forced by a pimp or other person to take drugs to ensure that they do as they are told and have sex with people. This is particularly true in the case of young people and children. Sex Trafficking Sex trafficking is the act whereby a person is induced by force, fraud or coercion to perform a sexual act (Kotrla, 2009). Sex trafficking often involves a person being promised a job in another country, being sold by a family member to a third part, a false marriage proposal or a kidnapping situation then made to work as a prostitute or perform sexual acts as a payment. Women and girls are the most commonly trafficked people for this purpose. Sex traffickers will use a variety of ways to make a person conform to their demands. Rape, physical abuse, starvation, violence, drugs, gang-rape and guilt are used to break a person and shame a victim into the life of a sexual slave or a prostitute. Drugs such as heroin and methamphetamine are commonly used to make a person become an addict and force them to do the work the traffickers want them to do. Conclusion Each person can have different reactions to victimization. Trauma is the term that describes both the physical and emotional reactions to a traumatic event. Common symptoms of trauma include reviewing parts of the crime over and over in one’s mind, mood swings, shaken sense of personal safety, heightened sense of smell or hearing, emotional detachment, disassociation, and so on. Symptoms associated with trauma may take several weeks to subside. Under the fear and pain of withdrawals or while they are high on the drugs, many of the victims of exploitation will do acts they would otherwise not ever consider doing. They may also find it near impossible to leave the grasp of the abusers or traffickers and return home to families and friends. Getting help from the police or health workers is often difficult because of the illegality of the lifestyle they have been forced into and attending rehabilitation or detoxification may be beyond their grasp due to associated poverty. Many of the victims of exploitation will suffer from anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems as a result of the crimes they have been involved in. Resolving these issues at the same time as overcoming a substance abuse problem may be difficult, but with appropriate care and training, recovery is possible. The girls, who are maturing physically, but remain emotional infants, are desperately in need of some guidance. Rachel Lloyd, who is the film’s central character, has dedicated her life to give them this helps. Lloyd’s personal background was troubled born in the UK she dropped out of school and fled to Munich, here she worked as a teenage stripper as well as hooker and later she transferred her trade to New York York, she eventually changed her act. She began to help young girls as well as women who find themselves in the similar situation. Underneath its broad ideological implications, though, this film is intensely humanistic, concerned less with commoditized bodies than with people for whom normal life is a beautiful if distant dream. It’s great that the film brings the plight of the young girls to light as well as the fact that it refrains from inflicting any given amount of neither blame nor shame on the girls. However the film ought and should have taken a stronger backing role by pointing out just where as well as how the social system falls apart in the providing the children any form of safety as well as fails to punish those who take part in the abuse as well as exploit the young stars in such a way that they become a lesson to other predators. This would make very young girls a stronger as well as more effective film and would help pass on the efforts and message of Rachel Lloyd. In additional the authority must make a serious effort to enforce the article 34 of the international convention of child ri ghts, stating that â€Å"states must protect the children from all forms of sexual exploitation as well as sexual violence.† References Kotrla, K. (2010)Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking In The United States. Social Work 55.2: 181-187 Neil R., Carlson (2010). Psychology: The science of behavior. Fourth Canadian edition. Pearson. 140–141